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After semantic analysis, the compiler generates a low-level or intermediate representation of the source code.

Optimizations that analyze multiple functions or methods together, which can span multiple files or modules.

A hierarchical structure that represents the syntax of the source code as derived from a grammar.

A straight-line code sequence with no branches in except to the entry and no branches out except at the exit.

The first phase of a compiler where the source code is converted into tokens.

An optimization technique that involves replacing a function call with the body of the called function.

The compiler phase that checks for semantic errors, ensures type compatibility, and collects type information.

A compilation approach where code is compiled during execution (runtime) rather than beforehand.

A method of determining if a pointer or a reference to a resource can be accessed beyond the scope it was created in.

An intermediate code representation that expresses operations in a structured four-part format.

The process of substituting the values of known constants in expressions at compile time.

Converting a variable from one data type to another, for example, an integer to a float.

The automatic process of memory deallocation for objects that are no longer accessible by a program.

A property of an intermediate representation (IR), which requires each variable to be assigned exactly once and defined before use.

The process of converting intermediate code into target machine code.

The phase where tokens are organized into a parse tree which represents the grammatical structure of program code.

The smallest individual units in a program, created in the lexical analysis phase, such as keywords, identifiers, and operators.

A representation, used in program analysis, that depicts all paths that might be traversed through a program during its execution.

Data structure used by a compiler to keep track of information about language constructs like variables, functions, classes, etc.

A tree representation of the abstract syntactic structure of source code written in a programming language.

An optimization that removes code which does not affect the program results (such as instructions following an unconditional jump).

The process of improving intermediate code so it runs faster and consumes fewer resources.

The process of increasing the execution speed and efficiency of loops in a program.

A code optimization technique that examines and improves small parts of machine code or intermediate code.

A technique used for gathering information about the possible set of values calculated at various points in a computer program.

A method used in compilers to manage jumps to forward locations or unresolved addresses in the code.

The process of recognizing and evaluating constant expressions at compile time rather than computing them at runtime.

The process of assigning a large number of target program variables onto a small number of CPU registers.

An intermediate code form used by compilers where each instruction contains at most three operands.