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Arithmetic operators perform mathematical calculations. Examples include '+', '-', '*', '/', and '%'.

Punctuators serve as delimiters in program constructs. They include symbols like ';', ',', '.', '{}' (braces), '[]' (brackets), and '()' (parentheses).

Block comments are used to comment out blocks of code or add multi-line explanations. In C/C++, they are enclosed by '/*' and '*/'.

Type qualifiers specify additional information about the variables' types. Examples in C/C++ include 'const', 'volatile'.

Integer constants represent numeric values. Rules include consisting only of digits (0-9), no leading zeros unless the number is zero itself, possibly preceded by a sign (+ or -).

Array subscripts specify an element in an array using an index enclosed in brackets. For example, `array[3]` refers to the fourth element of 'array'.

Relational operators compare two values. Examples include '>', '<', '>=', '<=', '==', '!='.

Macros are fragments of code which are given a name. In C/C++, they are defined with '#define' and replaced by their definition throughout the code.

Line comments are used to add explanatory remarks to the code. Different languages use different symbols like '//' in C/C++ or '#' in Python for the whole line.

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. The basic assignment operator is '=', but there are compound operators like '+=', '-=', '*=', and '/='.

Bitwise operators operate on binary representations of integers. They include '&', '|', '^' (XOR), '~' (NOT), '<<' (left shift), and '>>' (right shift).

Function call tokens are used to invoke a function and are followed by parentheses containing the argument list, e.g., `printf('Hello World');`.

Keywords are reserved words pre-defined by the programming language which have special meanings. Examples include 'if', 'while', 'return'. They cannot be used as identifiers.

Structure member tokens are used to access a member of a structure or union. In C/C++, the dot operator '.' is used for direct access, while '->' is used for pointers.

Storage class specifiers define the scope, visibility, and lifecycle of variables and/or functions. Examples in C/C++ include 'static', 'extern', 'auto', 'register'.

Preprocessor directives are instructions processed before compilation. Examples in C/C++ include '#include', '#define', '#if', '#else', '#endif'.

Logical operators are used to evaluate boolean expressions. Examples include '&&' (logical AND), '||' (logical OR), and '!' (logical NOT).

Escape sequences are special sequences of characters used to represent certain special characters within string and character literals, like '\n' for newline, '\t' for tab.

Floating-point constants represent numbers with fractional parts. They have digits on both sides of the decimal point, may include an exponent part, and can have a sign.

Boolean constants represent the truth values. In most languages, they are `true` and `false`.

An identifier is a lexical token that names language entities. Some of the rules might include: must begin with a letter or underscore, can be followed by letters, digits, or underscores, sensitive to case.

Character constants represent a single character enclosed within quotes. Rules include being surrounded by single quotes, representing a single character, or an escape sequence.

String literals are a sequence of characters surrounded by double quotes. They can include escape sequences and represent text.

Enumeration constants are user-defined types in C/C++ that consist of named integer constants. An example is `enum { RED, GREEN, BLUE };`.

The null pointer is a special pointer value that means the pointer points to nothing. In C/C++, 'NULL', or in newer C++ standards, 'nullptr' represents the null pointer.