Discover published sets by community

Locking prevents multiple processes from accessing the same data at the same time, thus avoiding conflicts and ensuring data integrity.

A protocol that ensures serializability by acquiring all locks before any lock is released. The transaction goes through two phases: growing and shrinking.

A scenario in which a transaction reads data written by another transaction that has not yet committed, leading to potential inconsistencies if the other transaction is rolled back.

This method assigns a unique timestamp to each transaction, ensuring that transactions proceed in timestamp order, maintaining the serializability of transactions.

An isolation level that prevents Dirty Reads by ensuring that a transaction can only read data that has been committed by others, though it does not prevent Non-Repeatable Reads or Phantom Reads.

A method that allows reads to occur without blocking writes by keeping multiple versions of a data item.

This is the highest level of isolation in databases, which prevents Dirty Reads, Non-Repeatable Reads, and Phantom Reads, ensuring transactions are completely isolated from each other.

An approach to handle deadlocks by periodically checking for cycles in a wait-for graph and resolving them by aborting one of the transactions.

Assumes that conflicts are rare and only checks for conflicts at transaction commit times. It uses a validation phase to ensure serializability.