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Key Database Concepts
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Database
A structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is accessible in various ways.
DBMS
Database Management System, software for creating, managing, and using databases.
SQL
Structured Query Language, a language designed for managing and querying data in relational database management systems.
Data Model
An abstract model that organizes elements of data and standardizes how they relate to one another and to the properties of real-world entities.
Relational Model
A type of data model that structures data into tables, known as relations, which are made up of columns and rows.
ER Model
Entity-Relationship Model, a conceptual representation of data that defines the structure and the relationships between data.
Primary Key
A unique identifier for a record in a database table, cannot contain null values.
Foreign Key
A field in one table that uniquely identifies a row of another table, creating a relationship between the two tables.
Normalization
The process of structuring a database to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity.
ACID Properties
A set of properties that guarantee database transactions are processed reliably (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability).
Index
A database optimization technique that allows for faster retrieval of records from a database table.
Stored Procedure
A set of SQL statements that can be stored in the database and executed on demand to perform a specific task.
Trigger
A procedural code that is automatically executed in response to certain events on a particular table or view in a database.
View
A virtual table whose contents are defined by a query, which can come from one or more underlying tables.
Schema
An outline of a database's logical structure, which includes the structure of the objects within it.
Data Warehousing
The process of constructing and using a data warehouse—a central repository of integrated data from one or more disparate sources.
OLTP
Online Transaction Processing, a class of systems that facilitate and manage transaction-oriented applications, primarily for data entry and retrieval transaction processing.
OLAP
Online Analytical Processing, a category of software tools that provide analysis of data stored in a database.
NoSQL Database
A non-relational database that allows for storage and retrieval of data that is modeled in means other than the tabular relations used in relational databases.
CAP Theorem
The theorem stating that a distributed computer system cannot simultaneously guarantee all three of the following: Consistency, Availability, and Partition tolerance.
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