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Key Database Concepts

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Data Warehousing

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The process of constructing and using a data warehouse—a central repository of integrated data from one or more disparate sources.

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Data Model

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An abstract model that organizes elements of data and standardizes how they relate to one another and to the properties of real-world entities.

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OLAP

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Online Analytical Processing, a category of software tools that provide analysis of data stored in a database.

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ACID Properties

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A set of properties that guarantee database transactions are processed reliably (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability).

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Index

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A database optimization technique that allows for faster retrieval of records from a database table.

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OLTP

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Online Transaction Processing, a class of systems that facilitate and manage transaction-oriented applications, primarily for data entry and retrieval transaction processing.

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CAP Theorem

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The theorem stating that a distributed computer system cannot simultaneously guarantee all three of the following: Consistency, Availability, and Partition tolerance.

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Normalization

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The process of structuring a database to reduce data redundancy and improve data integrity.

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Stored Procedure

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A set of SQL statements that can be stored in the database and executed on demand to perform a specific task.

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Primary Key

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A unique identifier for a record in a database table, cannot contain null values.

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Trigger

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A procedural code that is automatically executed in response to certain events on a particular table or view in a database.

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NoSQL Database

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A non-relational database that allows for storage and retrieval of data that is modeled in means other than the tabular relations used in relational databases.

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SQL

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Structured Query Language, a language designed for managing and querying data in relational database management systems.

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DBMS

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Database Management System, software for creating, managing, and using databases.

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View

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A virtual table whose contents are defined by a query, which can come from one or more underlying tables.

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Schema

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An outline of a database's logical structure, which includes the structure of the objects within it.

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Database

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A structured set of data held in a computer, especially one that is accessible in various ways.

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ER Model

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Entity-Relationship Model, a conceptual representation of data that defines the structure and the relationships between data.

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Relational Model

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A type of data model that structures data into tables, known as relations, which are made up of columns and rows.

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Foreign Key

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A field in one table that uniquely identifies a row of another table, creating a relationship between the two tables.

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