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Distributed System Patterns

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Singleton Service

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A service instance that's running once at any point in time across a distributed system. It's used for operations that cannot be duplicated, such as aggregating metrics.

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Sharded Services

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A pattern where the dataset is partitioned across multiple services to improve scalability and manageability. Commonly used in databases to distribute load.

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Consensus Protocol

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A protocol used to achieve agreement on a single data value among distributed processes or systems. Paxos and Raft are common examples used for replicated state machines.

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Eventual Consistency

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A consistency model for distributed computing which allows for temporary data inconsistencies but guarantees that all nodes will converge to the same state without conflict, given enough time.

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Gossip Protocol

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A communication protocol that disseminates information in a distributed system, much like the spreading of a rumour, to ensure eventual consistency and fault tolerance.

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MapReduce

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A programming model for processing and generating large datasets with a parallel, distributed algorithm on a cluster. A 'Map' step distributes the computing, and a 'Reduce' step aggregates the results.

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Circuit Breaker

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A stability pattern that prevents a system from repeatedly trying to execute an operation that's likely to fail. It helps to prevent cascading failures and allows for recovery.

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Load Balancer

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A device or software that distributes network or application traffic across a number of servers to improve responsiveness and reliability of applications, web sites or other services.

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Two-Phase Commit (2PC)

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A type of atomic commitment protocol that is used in distributed systems to achieve high levels of consistency and ensure that all participants in a transaction either commit or rollback changes.

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Service Discovery

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A pattern in microservices architectures where services dynamically discover and communicate with one another. It's essential for routing requests and services scaling and deployment.

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