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Robotic Path Planning

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Cell Decomposition

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A path planning strategy that breaks down the environment into manageable cells and solves the path by traversing through adjacent, non-obstacle cells.

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A* Algorithm

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A heuristic-based algorithm that finds the shortest path from a start node to an end node by maintaining a tree of paths and choosing the path that minimizes the combined cost and heuristic.

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Rapidly-Exploring Random Tree (RRT)

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A probabilistic algorithm that incrementally builds a space-filling tree to search high-dimensional spaces efficiently by randomly exploring the space.

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Visibility Graph

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A graph of inter-visible locations, used in path planning where the shortest path is computed as a series of straight-line segments connecting waypoints.

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Artificial Potential Fields

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A method that treats the robot as a point in a potential field where the goal emits an attracting force and the obstacles emit repelling forces.

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D* Algorithm

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A pathfinding algorithm that is like A*, but capable of dynamic re-planning in response to changes in the environment, suitable for robots in dynamic scenarios.

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Probabilistic Roadmap (PRM)

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A motion planning algorithm particularly useful for robots with many degrees of freedom. It randomly samples the configuration space and connects samples to form a graph (roadmap) used for path finding.

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Theta* Algorithm

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A path planning algorithm that is a variant of A*, which allows any-angle paths by looking ahead to determine the visibility between non-adjacent nodes.

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Dijkstra's Algorithm

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An algorithm that finds the shortest paths from a single source node to all other nodes in a graph by progressively expanding outward from the source.

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Fuzzy Logic Controller

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A form of path planning that uses fuzzy logic to navigate under uncertainty by applying rules that deal with approximate rather than fixed values.

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Incremental Sampling-based Algorithms

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Path planning algorithms that incrementally build a roadmap by sampling a robot's configuration space and connecting these samples with feasible paths until reaching the goal.

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Greedy Best-First Search

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A search algorithm that expands the node that appears to be closest to the goal, as determined by a heuristic, often trading off completeness and optimality for speed.

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Dynamic Window Approach

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A real-time reactive path planning method that selects velocity samples based on the robot's current state and dynamic limitations.

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Potential Field Method

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A path planning approach that uses virtual forces, treating the goal as an attractor and obstacles as repulsors, to navigate around obstacles.

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Wavefront Planner

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An algorithm that propagates a wavefront from the goal to the start, assigning each cell a value representing its distance from the goal and then tracing a path back from the start to the goal following decreasing values.

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Behavior-based Planning

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A path planning strategy that uses a set of behaviors, like obstacle avoidance or wall-following, which are blended together to achieve a goal.

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Layered Costmaps for Navigation

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A technique that uses different layers of costmaps (e.g. static, inflation, dynamic) to represent different levels of obstacle information for robust robot navigation.

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Bidirectional Search

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A pathfinding algorithm that runs two simultaneous searches, one forward from the start and the other backward from the goal, until they meet to form a complete path.

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Simulated Annealing

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A probabilistic technique for approximating the global optimum of a given function, which can be used in path planning to escape local minima and find better paths.

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Genetic Algorithm

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An optimization technique that simulates biological evolution, which can be applied to path planning by evolving a population of path solutions over time.

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Subgoal Graphs

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A path planning method that precomputes a set of subgoals, which are waypoints to be used in pathfinding to efficiently compute paths in complex environments.

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Bug Algorithm

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A simple robotic navigation algorithm that involves the robot 'hugging' the contour of the obstacles in its environment to reach its goal.

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Monte Carlo Localization

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A probabilistic approach for mobile robot localization using random sampling, often incorporated into path planning to update the robot's belief about its position.

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Lattice-based Planning

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A motion planning approach that discretizes the state space into a lattice and then searches for the optimal sequence of moves on this lattice.

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Voronoi Diagram

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A partitioning of a plane into regions based on distance to a specific set of points, used in path planning to maximize clearance from obstacles.

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