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Mission purpose: To determine Mars' habitability. Key Achievements: Discovered conditions suitable for microbial life, organic compounds, and active methane in Martian atmosphere.

Mission purpose: To study Pluto and the Kuiper Belt. Key Achievements: First spacecraft to flyby Pluto, provided detailed images and data of Pluto's surface and atmosphere, continued mission into the Kuiper Belt.

Mission purpose: To seek signs of ancient life and collect samples. Key Achievements: Oxygen production from CO2, Ingenuity helicopter demonstration, caching of soil samples for future return to Earth.

Mission purpose: To demonstrate powered flight in Mars' thin atmosphere. Key Achievements: First aircraft to perform controlled flight on another planet, exceeded original 5-flight plan, assists Perseverance rover.

Mission purpose: To understand Jupiter's origin, structure, atmosphere, and magnetosphere. Key Achievements: Revealed Jupiter's intense polar cyclones, new insights into its Great Red Spot, and discovered Jupiter's core was larger and more diffuse than expected.

Mission purpose: To return a sample from the near-Earth asteroid Bennu. Key Achievements: Mapped Bennu in detail, collected a sample for return to Earth, demonstrated asteroid sample collection.

Mission purpose: To demonstrate the feasibility of roving on Mars. Key Achievements: First successful rover on Mars, operated for 83 Martian sols, analyzed rocks and soil.

Mission purpose: To return samples from asteroids Itokawa and Ryugu, respectively. Key Achievements: First spacecraft to return asteroid samples to Earth, improved technology for sample collection on Hayabusa2.

Mission purpose: To study Saturn and its moons. Key Achievements: First landing on a moon of Saturn (Huygens probe on Titan), discovered geysers on Enceladus, and extensive data collection on Saturn's rings.

Mission purpose: To orbit and land on the asteroid Eros. Key Achievements: First spacecraft to orbit an asteroid, first to land on an asteroid, provided detailed images and data on Eros's composition.

Mission purpose: To search for past water activity on Mars. Key Achievements: Both rovers found signs of past water, exceeded their 90-sol missions with Opportunity lasting 15 years.

Mission purpose: To observe the most distant stars and galaxies as well as planets in our solar system. Key Achievements: Helped to determine the rate of expansion of the universe, provided high-resolution images of deep space.

Mission purpose: To study the outer Solar System and beyond. Key Achievements: First spacecraft to fly by Jupiter and Saturn, Voyager 1 entered interstellar space.

Mission purpose: To land on and analyze the surface composition of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Key Achievements: Provided valuable data despite landing troubles, detected organic compounds on the comet's surface.

Mission purpose: To serve as a space environment research laboratory. Key Achievements: Conducted experiments in biology, physics, astronomy, and other fields, continuous human presence in space.

Mission purpose: To orbit and perform a detailed study of comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko. Key Achievements: First spacecraft to orbit a comet, deployed Philae lander which performed the first touchdown on a comet's surface.

Mission purpose: To assist in station assembly, maintenance, and servicing. Key Achievements: Has been essential in building the ISS, used for moving supplies and astronauts, plays a role in docking spacecraft.

Mission purpose: To explore the surface and geology of Mars. Key achievements: Discovered evidence of ancient water such as silica deposits, studied soil and rock compositions, operated for over 6 years.

Mission purpose: To investigate the Martian surface and geology for signs of past water. Key achievements: Identified hematite and jarosite minerals suggestive of past water, analyzed a large number of rocks and soils, completed a marathon distance on Mars.