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Computer Networks Basics
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DNS
The Domain Name System is a hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the internet or a private network.
IPv4
The fourth version of the Internet Protocol, which uses 32-bit addresses to identify devices on a network.
IPv6
The most recent version of Internet Protocol that uses 128-bit addresses to accommodate more devices on the internet.
Router
A networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks, creating an overlay internetwork.
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol, an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.
HTTPS
A secure version of HTTP, which encrypts data for secure communication over a computer network.
FTP
File Transfer Protocol used to transfer computer files between a client and server on a computer network.
TCP/IP
A set of communication protocols used for the interconnection of network devices on the internet.
MAC Address
A unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller for use as a network address in communications within a network segment.
Subnetting
The process of dividing a network into two or more networks, often used to improve performance or provide security.
Switch
A network device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments.
VPN
A virtual private network extends a private network across a public network, allowing users to send and receive data as if their devices were directly connected to the private network.
OSI Model
A conceptual framework used to understand network interactions in seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.
Packet
A formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network.
Firewall
A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.
LAN
Local Area Network, a computer network that interconnects devices within a limited area such as a residence, school, or office building.
WAN
Wide Area Network, a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographical area for the primary purpose of computer networking.
SSID
Service Set Identifier, a unique ID that consists of 32 characters and is used for naming wireless networks.
NAT
Network Address Translation, a method of remapping one IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.
PING
Packet Internet Groper, a diagnostic tool to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol network.
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