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Computer Networks Basics

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TCP/IP

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A set of communication protocols used for the interconnection of network devices on the internet.

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IPv4

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The fourth version of the Internet Protocol, which uses 32-bit addresses to identify devices on a network.

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IPv6

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The most recent version of Internet Protocol that uses 128-bit addresses to accommodate more devices on the internet.

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DNS

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The Domain Name System is a hierarchical and decentralized naming system for computers, services, or other resources connected to the internet or a private network.

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HTTP

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Hypertext Transfer Protocol, an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information systems.

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HTTPS

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A secure version of HTTP, which encrypts data for secure communication over a computer network.

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MAC Address

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A unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller for use as a network address in communications within a network segment.

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Subnetting

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The process of dividing a network into two or more networks, often used to improve performance or provide security.

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VPN

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A virtual private network extends a private network across a public network, allowing users to send and receive data as if their devices were directly connected to the private network.

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OSI Model

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A conceptual framework used to understand network interactions in seven layers: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application.

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FTP

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File Transfer Protocol used to transfer computer files between a client and server on a computer network.

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Router

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A networking device that forwards data packets between computer networks, creating an overlay internetwork.

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Switch

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A network device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments.

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Firewall

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A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

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LAN

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Local Area Network, a computer network that interconnects devices within a limited area such as a residence, school, or office building.

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WAN

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Wide Area Network, a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographical area for the primary purpose of computer networking.

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SSID

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Service Set Identifier, a unique ID that consists of 32 characters and is used for naming wireless networks.

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NAT

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Network Address Translation, a method of remapping one IP address space into another by modifying network address information in the IP header of packets while they are in transit across a traffic routing device.

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Packet

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A formatted unit of data carried by a packet-switched network.

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PING

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Packet Internet Groper, a diagnostic tool to test the reachability of a host on an Internet Protocol network.

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