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Database Basics

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Primary Key

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An attribute or a combination of attributes that uniquely identifies each row in a table.

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SQL

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Structured Query Language, a standardized programming language used to manage relational databases and perform various operations like querying, updating, and data manipulation.

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Entity-Relationship Model

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A conceptual framework used to describe the structure of a database with the help of entities (tables) and relationships between them.

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Data Integrity

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The maintenance of, and the assurance of the accuracy and consistency of data over its entire life-cycle. It is a critical aspect in the design, implementation and usage of any system which stores, processes, or retrieves data.

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DBMS

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Database Management System, a software system designed to store, manage, and facilitate access to databases.

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Relational Database

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A type of database that stores data in tables with rows and columns, where each row represents a record and each column represents an attribute.

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Data Mining

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The process of discovering patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data stored either in databases, data warehouses, or other information repositories.

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Database Schema

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The skeleton structure that represents the logical view of the entire database. It defines how the data is organized and how the relations among them are associated.

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Indexing

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The process of creating a data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table at the cost of additional writes and storage space.

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Join Operation

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A database operation that combines records from two or more tables in a database based on related columns between them.

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NoSQL Database

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A class of database management systems that do not follow all of the rules of a relational database. NoSQL databases are typically used for large sets of distributed data.

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Concurrency Control

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A database management technique that ensures that multiple transactions are executed concurrently without compromising the integrity of the database.

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Data Warehouse

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A large store of data accumulated from a wide range of sources within a company and used to guide management decisions.

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CAP Theorem

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In computer science, the CAP Theorem states that a distributed computer system is unable to simultaneously provide all three of the following guarantees: Consistency, Availability, and Partition tolerance (CAP).

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Stored Procedure

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A prepared SQL code that you can save and reuse. In a database, it is a function that encapsulates a set of operations or queries to execute on the database.

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Foreign Key

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An attribute in a relational table that matches the primary key column of another table. It can be used to cross-reference tables.

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ACID Properties

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A set of properties of database transactions which guarantee validity even in the event of errors or power failures. ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability.

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Normalization

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The process of organizing data to minimize redundancy and dependency by dividing the data into various related tables.

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Transaction

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A unit of work performed within a database management system against a database, and treated in a coherent and reliable way independent of other transactions.

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Data Model

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An abstract model that organizes elements of data and standardizes how they relate to one another and to properties of the real world entities.

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