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Database Basics
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Primary Key
An attribute or a combination of attributes that uniquely identifies each row in a table.
SQL
Structured Query Language, a standardized programming language used to manage relational databases and perform various operations like querying, updating, and data manipulation.
Entity-Relationship Model
A conceptual framework used to describe the structure of a database with the help of entities (tables) and relationships between them.
Data Integrity
The maintenance of, and the assurance of the accuracy and consistency of data over its entire life-cycle. It is a critical aspect in the design, implementation and usage of any system which stores, processes, or retrieves data.
DBMS
Database Management System, a software system designed to store, manage, and facilitate access to databases.
Relational Database
A type of database that stores data in tables with rows and columns, where each row represents a record and each column represents an attribute.
Data Mining
The process of discovering patterns and knowledge from large amounts of data stored either in databases, data warehouses, or other information repositories.
Database Schema
The skeleton structure that represents the logical view of the entire database. It defines how the data is organized and how the relations among them are associated.
Indexing
The process of creating a data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table at the cost of additional writes and storage space.
Join Operation
A database operation that combines records from two or more tables in a database based on related columns between them.
NoSQL Database
A class of database management systems that do not follow all of the rules of a relational database. NoSQL databases are typically used for large sets of distributed data.
Concurrency Control
A database management technique that ensures that multiple transactions are executed concurrently without compromising the integrity of the database.
Data Warehouse
A large store of data accumulated from a wide range of sources within a company and used to guide management decisions.
CAP Theorem
In computer science, the CAP Theorem states that a distributed computer system is unable to simultaneously provide all three of the following guarantees: Consistency, Availability, and Partition tolerance (CAP).
Stored Procedure
A prepared SQL code that you can save and reuse. In a database, it is a function that encapsulates a set of operations or queries to execute on the database.
Foreign Key
An attribute in a relational table that matches the primary key column of another table. It can be used to cross-reference tables.
ACID Properties
A set of properties of database transactions which guarantee validity even in the event of errors or power failures. ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability.
Normalization
The process of organizing data to minimize redundancy and dependency by dividing the data into various related tables.
Transaction
A unit of work performed within a database management system against a database, and treated in a coherent and reliable way independent of other transactions.
Data Model
An abstract model that organizes elements of data and standardizes how they relate to one another and to properties of the real world entities.
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