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The Mapuche people traditionally consumed a diet based on agriculture, hunting, and gathering. They cultivated potatoes and maize, and depended on domestic animals and wild game. They also have a rich tradition of food as medicine.

The Maya cultivated an intricate agricultural system with staple crops like maize, beans, and squash, known as the 'Three Sisters'. These crops are complementary, supporting sustainable agriculture and a balanced diet.

The Tlingit are known for their reliance on salmon and other sea resources, supplemented by wild berries and roots. Their potlatch ceremony involves the distribution of food and wealth, reinforcing social ties.

The Sioux traditionally followed the bison herds, using them for food, clothing, and shelter. Their nomadic lifestyle and the introduction of horses transformed their hunting practices and social structure.

The Guarani are known for their farming practices, growing crops such as corn, manioc, and beans, and raising some domesticated animals. They hold the land as sacred and integral to their worldview.

Indigenous Australians have lived off the land using a hunter-gatherer lifestyle for tens of thousands of years. Their diet includes native plants and animals, practicing fire-stick farming to manage the land.

The Sami people's traditional food system is based around reindeer herding, fishing, and gathering wild foods. The extreme conditions of the Arctic shaped their nomadic lifestyle and food preservation techniques.

The Ainu people, indigenous to northern Japan, traditionally hunted, fished, and gathered for their subsistence. Their diet was diverse, including bear, deer, fish, and wild plants, with specific cultural rituals surrounding hunting and eating.

The Apache were traditionally nomadic hunter-gatherers, relying on game, wild plants and fruits. They engaged in some farming, particularly of corn, and had deep spiritual connections with their food sources.

The Ashaninka people rely on the biodiversity of the Amazon forest for their varied diet. They practice shifting cultivation, hunting, and gathering, and are known for their sustainable use of forest resources.

The Saami, also known as the Sami, people of northern Scandinavia are known for their reindeer herding, which is central to their culture, providing food, clothing, and materials. Fishing also plays a crucial part in their diet.

The Quechua are known for their potato cultivation at high altitudes, with hundreds of different potato varieties. They developed a unique freeze-drying process for potatoes called 'chuño', which is made by repeatedly freezing and drying them.

The Nuer people have a cattle-centric culture, where cattle serve as food, currency, and a symbol of wealth and social status. Their diet is supplemented by fishing, limited agriculture, and foraging.

The Berber people of North Africa are known for their pastoralism and agriculture in often harsh, arid environments. Their diet comprises grains and legumes, with some meat from livestock such as sheep and goats.

The Yanomami's subsistence relies on a combination of shifting agriculture, hunting, fishing, and gathering within the Amazon rainforest. They emphasize the sharing of food and communal living.

The Inuit diet consists primarily of marine mammals and fish, due to the harsh arctic climate. Hunting practices and cultural significance were historically vital for survival, including the use of every part of an animal.

The Yoruba established an advanced agricultural system, with yams, cassava, and other staples as the basis of their diet, supported by beans, corn, and fruits. They practice elaborate food-related festivals and rituals.

The Pueblo people incorporated farming, particularly of corn, beans, and squash, into their predominantly hunting and gathering lifestyle. Their diet also included native herbs and spices, and they showcased sophisticated food storage techniques.

The Zulu people's diet is centered on crops such as maize and sorghum, along with vegetables, fruits, and meat when available. Cattle play a critical cultural and economic role, while traditional beer made from maize or sorghum is important for social gatherings.

The indigenous Hawaiian food system was rooted in taro cultivation, along with breadfruit, sweet potato, and fish. They developed fish ponds and agricultural terraces to maximize island resources.

The traditional Maasai diet is centered around cattle, which they rely on for milk, blood, and sometimes meat. Livestock serves not only as a food source but also as a measure of wealth and social status.

The Andamanese are hunter-gatherers who rely on the rich resources of their island environment, especially seafood. Their traditional lifestyle has been under threat due to external pressures and modernization.

Historically, the Navajo were pastoralists and horticulturists, with a diet based on corn, beans, squash, and mutton. Corn, in particular, was central to their food practices and spiritual ceremonies.