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During the early 20th century, the welfare of circus animals began to be questioned, even as they remained popular attractions. This period saw the peak but also the beginnings of the decline in the use of live animals in performances.

The use of animals in ancient Roman circuses served as a display of power and entertainment. Exotic animals were often involved in venationes (hunts), or used in gladiatorial combat.

Historically, circuses contributed to the exotic animal trade, importing species like tigers and elephants for entertainment. This importation had ecological impacts and raised conservation concerns.

The Victorian era saw the proliferation of animal acts within circuses, with trained animals like elephants and lions becoming central attractions and exemplifying mankind's control over nature.

Contemporary circuses often eliminate or reduce the use of animals due to increased awareness of animal rights and welfare. Some circuses have shifted to human-centric performances like those seen in Cirque du Soleil.

The Animal Rights Movement, gaining ground in the late 20th century, has led to legal changes and a decline in animal-based circus acts, emphasizing the ethical treatment of animals and discouraging their use for entertainment.

Horses played a crucial role in medieval tournaments, showcasing the equestrian skills and heraldry of knights in events like the joust.