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Climate litigation involves legal cases aimed at fighting climate change, such as lawsuits against governments for failing to reduce emissions or against companies for misleading the public about their environmental impact.

Loss and damage refer to the impacts of climate change that cannot be avoided through mitigation or adaptation, such as destruction from severe weather events. It involves compensation to affected parties.

Just Transition is a framework for a fair shift to an economy that is ecologically sustainable, equitable, and just for all its members. It particularly concerns the welfare of workers in industries that may be phased out due to climate policies.

Carbon debt represents the historical responsibility of developed countries for their large shares of greenhouse gas emissions contributing to global climate change. Emerging economies often demand repayment or compensation for this debt.

Climate refugees are individuals who are forced to leave their homes due to sudden or gradual changes in their environment related to climate change, such as sea-level rise or extreme weather.

Eco-anxiety is chronic fear of environmental doom, a psychological condition increasing in prevalence as more people become concerned about the impacts of climate change on the planet and future generations.

Fossil fuel divestment is the removal of investment capital from stocks, bonds, or funds that are involved with extracting fossil fuels, intending to address climate change by devaluing these companies.

Climate adaptation involves adjusting practices, processes, and structures to moderate potential damage or take advantage of opportunities associated with climate change. Examples include building sea walls and developing drought-resistant crops.

Environmental racism is the disproportionate impact of environmental hazards on people of color. Examples include the siting of toxic waste facilities in minority communities and lead poisoning in inner-city neighborhoods.

Sustainable development is the practice of meeting human development goals while sustaining the natural systems that provide resources and ecosystem services upon which the economy and society depend.

Environmental sustainability is the responsible interaction with the planet to maintain natural resources and avoid jeopardizing the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

Carbon pricing is a method for reducing global warming emissions by putting a price on carbon emissions, calculated either through a carbon tax or through a cap-and-trade system.

Intergenerational equity is the principle that current generations maintain the health of the planet so that future generations enjoy the same environmental benefits. Climate policies often address this through sustainable resource management.

Cap and trade is a market-based approach to controlling pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving emissions reductions. It sets a cap on emissions and allows trading of emission permits.

Greenhouse gas emissions are gases like CO2 and methane that trap heat in the atmosphere, contributing to the greenhouse effect and global warming. Reduction of these emissions is essential for combating climate change.

Energy poverty occurs when a household lacks secure, affordable, and sustainable access to energy services. It has a disproportionate effect on those in developing countries and is compounded by climate change challenges.

Climate justice refers to the ethical dimension of climate change, emphasizing the equitable distribution of the burdens and benefits of climate change and its solutions among nations, communities, and species.

Mitigation refers to efforts to reduce or prevent the emission of greenhouse gases. Methods include using fossil fuel alternatives, enhancing energy efficiency, and protecting natural carbon sinks like forests.

Climate finance refers to the funding necessary for mitigation and adaptation initiatives to address climate change. Sources include the public sector, international funding mechanisms, and private finance.