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Energy Policy Milestones
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Energy Tax Act
1978 - U.S. legislation that included a tax credit for homeowners who utilize solar energy, marking a move towards incentives for renewable energy.
California Global Warming Solutions Act (AB 32)
2006 - Legislation that set the 2020 greenhouse gas emissions reduction goal into law which led to the development of a cap-and-trade program among other measures.
Clean Air Act Amendments
1990 - U.S. legislation that aimed at reducing air pollution and protecting air quality, which had implications for energy production and use, especially in reducing acid rain and toxic emissions.
Atomic Energy Act
1954 - U.S. legislation that regulates the development and utilization of nuclear energy for civilian purposes, as well as the promotion of nuclear power.
Kyoto Protocol
1997 - This international treaty extended the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and commits state parties to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG)
2000 - A German law that promotes the development of renewable energy sources through feed-in tariffs that guarantee a fixed price for renewable energy supplied to the grid.
Energy Policy Act
2005 - U.S. legislation that provided tax incentives and loan guarantees for energy production of various types, including both fossil fuels and renewable energy.
Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA)
2007 - U.S. legislation that aimed to improve vehicle fuel economy and increase production of renewable fuels, among other energy efficiency and security goals.
Paris Agreement
2016 - An accord within the UNFCCC dealing with greenhouse gas emissions mitigation, adaptation, and finance, starting in the year 2020. It aims to keep global temperature rise this century well below 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
National Renewable Energy Act (Germany)
1991 - German legislation promoting the use of renewable energy through a guaranteed grid connection and the obligation for utilities to purchase electricity produced from renewables.
Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA)
1980 - Commonly known as Superfund, this U.S. law provided broad federal authority to clean up areas contaminated by hazardous substances and pollutants.
Clean Power Plan
2015 - An Obama administration policy aimed at combating anthropogenic climate change (global warming) by mandating state-specific carbon emission reductions from existing power plants, primarily through the shift to cleaner energy sources.
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
1976 - U.S. law governing the disposal of solid and hazardous waste, affecting energy producers in terms of how they handle and dispose of waste materials.
Three Mile Island Accident
1979 - The most significant accident in U.S. commercial nuclear power plant history, leading to widespread fear and misunderstanding about nuclear energy, and consequent regulations in nuclear policy and operations.
OPEC Oil Embargo
1973-74 - The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries proclaimed an oil embargo targeting nations perceived as supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War, leading to increased prices and energy policy reforms in many countries.
Energy Conservation and Production Act
1976 - U.S. legislation initiated in response to the 1973 oil crisis calling for improved energy conservation and the development of renewable energy sources.
Nuclear Waste Policy Act
1982 - U.S. legislation that established a comprehensive program for the safe, permanent disposal of highly radioactive wastes.
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)
2009 - The first mandatory market-based program in the United States to reduce greenhouse gas emissions where states in the Northeastern U.S. agreed to cap and trade CO2 emissions from the power sector.
Arab Oil Embargo
1967 - An oil embargo by Arab nations against countries supporting Israel during the Six-Day War, which caused oil prices to quadruple and led to the search for alternative energy sources.
Biomass Research and Development Act
2000 - U.S. legislation to promote bioenergy and biobased products, supporting innovation and partnerships among federal agencies, agricultural producers, and industry.
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