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The process of using worms to decompose organic food waste, turning the waste into a nutrient-rich material capable of supplying necessary nutrients to help sustain plant growth.

A method for treating organic waste where microorganisms break down organic matter into simpler substances, creating a nutrient-rich fertilizer that can enhance soil structure and fertility.

The practice of rotating different crops in a sequence on the same land to improve soil health, optimize nutrients in the soil, and combat pest and weed pressure.

A land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland, integrating agricultural and forestry practices for sustainable production.

The accumulation and storage of rainwater for reuse on-site, rather than allowing it to run off, to provide water for agricultural irrigation, thus conserving water resources.

Incorporating biochar, a stable form of carbon produced from biomass, into the soil to sequester carbon and improve soil fertility and water retention.

Practicing the cultivation of green plants (usually legumes) specifically for plowing into the soil to increase its organic content and fertility.

The use of living organisms, such as predators, parasitoids, and pathogens, to control pest insects, weeds, or diseases.

An agricultural practice where the soil is not plowed and crop planting is done through minimal soil disturbance, preserving soil structure and biological activity.

An ecosystem-based strategy focusing on long-term prevention of pests through a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, and use of resistant varieties.

Tillage practices that maintain a minimum soil cover of crop residues, reducing soil erosion and water loss, and increasing water infiltration.

A process that promotes the coordinated development and management of water, land, and related resources to maximize the resultant economic and social welfare without compromising the sustainability of ecosystems.

Applying a layer of material on the surface of the soil to conserve moisture, reduce weed growth, and provide nutrients as it decomposes.

A combined system of aquaculture and hydroponics where the waste produced by farmed fish or other aquatic animals supplies nutrients for plants grown hydroponically, which in turn purify the water.

A non-chemical method for controlling soilborne pests using solar power to increase soil temperature to levels that kill fungi, nematodes, insects, and weeds.

A holistic, ecological, and ethical approach to farming, gardening, food, and nutrition that treats farms as unified and individual organisms, emphasizing balance in the interrelationship between soil, plants, and animals.

Agricultural systems that integrate crop production with raising livestock, which can improve nutrient cycling, reduce chemical inputs, and enhance resource utilization.

The practice of moving grazing livestock between pastures (often called paddocks) as needed or on a regular basis, to prevent overgrazing, allow forage plants to recover, and improve soil fertility.

An approach to farm management that uses information technology and a wide array of items like GPS guidance, control systems, sensors, robotics, drones, autonomous vehicles, variable rate technology, and software.

A method of crop and livestock production that doesn't use genetically modified organisms, synthetic fertilizers, pesticides; promotes biodiversity and ecological balance, and conserves resources.

A design system for creating sustainable human habitats by following nature's patterns; it involves the creation of productive ecosystems which are diverse, stable, and resilient.

Growing certain plants such as legumes and grasses on fields during off-season times to prevent soil erosion, enhance soil quality, and suppress weeds.

Growing multiple crop species in the same space at the same time, which can lead to a more efficient use of space and resources, natural pest control, and higher biodiversity.

Adjusting the type, quantity, and timing of fertilizer application to crops to avoid runoff into water bodies, reducing the development of hypoxic zones (dead zones) caused by excess nutrients.