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Global Warming Potential (GWP) Substances
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Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
GWP Rating: CFC-11 (4750), CFC-12 (10900) over 100 years Impact on climate change: Highly potent greenhouse gases that also deplete the ozone layer. Worldwide regulations have significantly reduced their use.
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
GWP Rating: Varies (e.g., HFC-23 has a GWP of 12400) over 100 years Impact on climate change: Synthetic compounds used as refrigerants that are potent greenhouse gases, though generally with a shorter atmospheric lifetime compared to other long-lived greenhouse gases.
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
GWP Rating: 23900 over 100 years Impact on climate change: An extremely potent greenhouse gas used mainly in electrical power systems; its emissions have a very strong warming effect over the long term.
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)
GWP Rating: Varies by specific compound (e.g., HCFC-22 has a GWP of 1810) over 100 years Impact on climate change: Less potent than CFCs; HCFCs are transitional substances used as refrigerants and foam-blowing agents that still contribute to global warming.
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
GWP Rating: Varies by specific compound (e.g., CF4 has a GWP of 7390, C2F6 has a GWP of 12200) over 100 years Impact on climate change: Chemical compounds with a typically high GWP, used in manufacturing and as refrigerants; contribute to warming due to their long atmospheric lifetimes.
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
GWP Rating: 1 (Reference Value) Impact on climate change: Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas emitted through human activities; its long atmospheric lifetime contributes significantly to global warming.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
GWP Rating: 265-298 over 100 years Impact on climate change: A potent greenhouse gas with a significant warming effect over a century, released through soil cultivation practices and fossil fuel combustion.
Methane (CH4)
GWP Rating: 28-36 over 100 years Impact on climate change: Methane is much more effective than CO2 at trapping heat in the atmosphere, contributing to more rapid temperature increases.
Nitrogen Trifluoride (NF3)
GWP Rating: 16100 over 100 years Impact on climate change: Used mainly in the electronics industry for cleaning plasma production equipment, NF3 is a potent greenhouse gas.
Hexafluoroethane (C2F6)
GWP Rating: 12200 over 100 years Impact on climate change: This PFC is used in the semiconductor industry and contributes strongly to global warming when released into the atmosphere.
Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)
GWP Rating: 1400 over 100 years Impact on climate change: A greenhouse gas once widely used in applications such as dry cleaning and fire extinguishers, its emissions are relatively potent.
Ammonia (NH3)
GWP Rating: 0 Impact on climate change: Ammonia is not considered a greenhouse gas, but when emitted it can lead to the formation of fine particulate matter and indirectly affect climate.
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a)
GWP Rating: 1430 over 100 years Impact on climate change: A common refrigerant with a significant GWP, contributing to climate change when released.
Dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12)
GWP Rating: 10900 over 100 years Impact on climate change: A CFC with a very high GWP that contributes to both ozone depletion and global warming, now largely phased out.
Halon 1211 (CBrClF2)
GWP Rating: 1890 over 100 years Impact on climate change: A brominated greenhouse gas used historically in fire extinguishers, Halon 1211 contributes to both ozone depletion and global warming.
Trifluoromethane (HFC-23)
GWP Rating: 12400 over 100 years Impact on climate change: As a potent greenhouse gas, HFC-23 is released during the production of another refrigerant and contributes significantly to global warming.
C6F14 (Perfluorohexane)
GWP Rating: 9300 over 100 years Impact on climate change: A potent greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming, C6F14 is used in various industrial applications.
Carbon Tetrafluoride (CF4)
GWP Rating: 7390 over 100 years Impact on climate change: Used in the electronics and semiconductor industries, CF4's emissions have a substantial warming effect.
C4F10 (Perfluorobutane)
GWP Rating: 8860 over 100 years Impact on climate change: With a high GWP, perfluorobutane is a powerful greenhouse gas with long-term effects on climate.
Methyl Chloroform (CH3CCl3)
GWP Rating: 146 over 100 years Impact on climate change: Once used as an industrial solvent, its release into the atmosphere contributes to global warming.
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