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Greenhouse Gases and Their Sources
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Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Natural sources: respiration, volcanic eruptions. Anthropogenic sources: burning of fossil fuels, deforestation.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Natural sources: Essentially none. Anthropogenic sources: refrigerants, aerosol propellants, foam-blowing agents.
Black Carbon (Soot)
Natural sources: Forest fires. Anthropogenic sources: Incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, wood and other biomass.
Water Vapor (H2O)
Natural sources: Evaporation from bodies of water, transpiration in plants. Anthropogenic sources: Combustion of fossil fuels, industrial processes, irrigation.
Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
Natural sources: bacterial processes in soil and water. Anthropogenic sources: agricultural activities, combustion of fossil fuels, industrial processes.
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)
Natural sources: Essentially none. Anthropogenic sources: Electrical industry for insulating and arc interrupting in high-voltage equipment, magnesium production.
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
Natural sources: Essentially none. Anthropogenic sources: Used as replacements for CFCs in air conditioning, refrigeration, and foam-blowing agents.
Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
Natural sources: Essentially none. Anthropogenic sources: Aluminium production, semiconductor manufacturing.
Ozone (O3)
Natural sources: Stratospheric photochemical reactions. Anthropogenic sources: Photochemical smog reactions involving pollutants from vehicles and industries.
Methane (CH4)
Natural sources: wetlands, termites. Anthropogenic sources: agriculture (especially rice paddies and enteric fermentation in cattle), landfill sites.
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