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The calculated measure of the human impact on Earth's ecosystem and represents the amount of biologically productive land and water area required to supply the resources a human population consumes and to assimilate associated waste.

A policy and land use designation used in urban planning to retain areas of largely undeveloped, wild, or agricultural land surrounding or neighboring urban areas.

A metropolitan area which is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas due to human activities.

A type of urban development that blends residential, commercial, cultural, institutional, or industrial uses, where those functions are physically and functionally integrated, and that provides pedestrian connections.

An urban design movement that promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating walkable neighborhoods containing a wide range of housing and job types.

A zoning incentive given by a city or county to a developer who agrees to build more affordable housing or to include certain features in the development such as a greater public benefit or to preserve space for public use.

An urban planning approach that focuses on sustainable development, preservation of open spaces, and the creation of walkable neighborhoods to create a better quality of life.

A network that provides the ingredients for solving urban and climatic challenges by building with nature, including the management of stormwater, the reduction of heat stress, increased biodiversity, food production, clean air, and more attractive green spaces.

An area of grass, trees, or other vegetation set apart for recreational or aesthetic purposes in an otherwise urban environment.

A type of development and regulatory process that is designed to be more flexible than traditional zoning by allowing a developer to negotiate with a city to deviate from its zoning requirements.

A measure of the total floor area of a building in relation to the size of the plot of land that the building is located on, expressed as a ratio.

Streets designed and operated to enable safe access for all users, including pedestrians, bicyclists, motorists and transit riders of all ages and abilities.

A type of city plan in which streets run at right angles to each other, forming a grid.

The process by which lands are evaluated and assessed to establish the most beneficial and sustainable use for those lands.

A property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse of which may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant.

A change in zoning regulations that allows for more intense development than is currently permitted, such as higher buildings or a larger number of housing units.

A measure of how friendly an area is to walking, which can be affected by the presence or absence and quality of footpaths, sidewalks or other pedestrian rights-of-way, traffic and road conditions, land use patterns, building accessibility, and safety, among other factors.

A means of regulating land development to achieve a specific urban form. It uses physical form (rather than separation of uses) as the organizing principle for the code.

The division of a city or county by legislative regulations into areas, or zones, that specify allowable uses for real estate and size restrictions for buildings.

A type of urban development that maximizes the amount of residential, business, and leisure space within walking distance of public transport.

A detailed architectural plan, landscape architecture document, and a detailed engineering drawing of proposed improvements to a given lot.

A natural approach to managing drainage in and around properties and other developments, designed to reduce the potential impact of new and existing developments with respect to surface water drainage discharges.

The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into the surrounding countryside, characterized by low-density residential and commercial development, automobile dependency, and a lack of planning.

An area or place that is open and accessible to all citizens, regardless of gender, race, ethnicity, age, or socio-economic level.

A program of land redevelopment in cities, often where there is urban decay.

The process of developing vacant or under-used parcels within existing urban areas that are already largely developed.

A process of urban renewal and economic change in which lower-income residents are displaced as the district becomes more affluent.

A regulatory tool that creates a special zoning district, layered over the existing base zone(s), that identifies specific requirements for a defined geographic area within the base zone(s).

The physical form of towns and cities, which comprises the street patterns, lot sizes, building footprints, and the nature of their functions.