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Competence refers to the patient's ability to understand the information provided and make a decision based on that understanding. In healthcare, this means assessing whether the patient is legally and mentally capable of making an informed decision and, if not, involving a legally authorized representative.

Disclosure refers to the process of providing patients with essential information regarding the proposed medical treatment, including its risks, benefits, and alternatives. This element is crucial as it ensures that the patient is fully informed before deciding to undergo any medical intervention.

Consent involves the actual agreement by the patient to proceed with the medical intervention based on understanding the disclosure information. Its importance in healthcare lies in respecting the patient's autonomy and ensuring that the treatment plan aligns with the patient's wishes.

Comprehension entails ensuring that the patient truly understands the information that was provided during disclosure. It is important in healthcare because it safeguards the patient's ability to make an informed decision based on a clear grasp of the potential consequences of the treatment.