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Public Health Ethics and Policy

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Autonomy

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Refers to the right of individuals to make informed decisions about their own health and body without coercion or interference. Case example: An individual decides whether or not to receive a new type of vaccine.

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Privacy and Confidentiality

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Ensuring individuals' health data and personal information are kept private. Case example: Protecting patient records from unauthorized access within a hospital.

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Respect for Persons

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Acknowledges the value and autonomy of individuals by ensuring informed consent and honoring their choices. Case example: Healthcare professionals seeking informed consent before any medical procedure.

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Public Trust

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Maintaining the population's trust in health institutions, which is crucial for public health measures' effectiveness. Case example: Transparent communication during a public health crisis.

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Health Equity

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Striving for the highest level of health for all people by addressing avoidable inequalities and injustices. Case example: Interventions that aim to reduce health disparities in underprivileged communities.

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Justice

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Focuses on the fair distribution of healthcare resources and services. Case example: Allocating limited ICU beds during a pandemic by considering both need and potential for recovery.

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Non-maleficence

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The duty to do no harm. Healthcare providers must avoid treatments or interventions that might cause unnecessary harm. Case example: Deciding against the use of a medication with severe potential side effects when a safer alternative is available.

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Beneficence

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Obligation to act in the best interest of the patient or population. Case example: A program to distribute free flu vaccines to vulnerable populations.

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