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African Resistance Leaders
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Nelson Mandela
Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa; became the first black president of South Africa
Patrice Lumumba
Independence movement in the Belgian Congo; first Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Kwame Nkrumah
Led Ghana to independence from Britain; first President of Ghana
Thomas Sankara
Burkinabé Revolution; implemented policies for self-sufficiency in Burkina Faso
Haile Selassie
Ethiopian resistance against Italian invasion; modernized Ethiopia
Jomo Kenyatta
Kenyan independence movement; first President of Kenya
Samora Machel
Liberation struggle against Portuguese colonial rule; first President of Mozambique
Julius Nyerere
Led Tanganyika to independence; first President of Tanzania
Amílcar Cabral
Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde independence from Portuguese control
Kenneth Kaunda
Led Zambia to independence; first President of Zambia
Leopold Sedar Senghor
Senegal's independence movement; first President of Senegal
Robert Mugabe
Independence movement in Rhodesia; first Prime Minister and later President of Zimbabwe
Steve Biko
Anti-apartheid activist in South Africa; founded the Black Consciousness Movement
Ahmed Ben Bella
Algerian independence from French colonization; first President of Algeria
Sekou Toure
Guinean independence movement from French colonial rule; first President of Guinea
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