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A systems of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa from 1948 to the early 1990s. It formalized racial divisions and severely restricted the rights of non-white citizens.

An anti-apartheid revolutionary who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, becoming the country's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election.

The last State President of apartheid-era South Africa. Known for engineering the end of apartheid, he shared the Nobel Peace Prize with Mandela in 1993 for their efforts.

An event that occurred on 21 March 1960, when South African police opened fire on a crowd of peaceful black protesters, killing 69 people and propelling the anti-apartheid movement.

A series of protests led by black school children in 1976 that turned into a widespread revolt against apartheid, resulting in the government's violent crackdown and the deaths of hundreds of young people.

South Africa's governing political party, which has been in power since the end of apartheid. It was a key force in the anti-apartheid movement and led by figures like Nelson Mandela.

These laws required South African black people to carry passbooks to move within certain areas. Their repeal in 1986 was a significant step towards ending apartheid.

Legislation that legalized racially separate educational facilities and led to a significantly inferior education for black South Africans. It was a major tool of social control within apartheid.

A court-like restorative justice body assembled in South Africa after the end of apartheid to reveal human rights abuses and to help heal the country.

An area in Cape Town known for its forced removals of over 60,000 residents during the 1970s under the Group Areas Act, exemplifying apartheid's impact on non-whites.

An anti-apartheid activist in South Africa in the 1960s and 1970s and a leader of the Black Consciousness Movement. He died while in police custody, which drew international condemnation.

The location of the prison where Nelson Mandela and many other anti-apartheid activists were held. It has now become a symbol of the struggle against apartheid.

This law enacted in 1950 forced physical separation between races by creating different residential areas for different races. It led to forced removals and was a cornerstone of apartheid policy.

Launched in 1952 by the ANC to combat apartheid through nonviolent resistance, acts of civil disobedience, and protests. It marked an escalation in the struggle against apartheid.