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20th Century Latin American Dictators
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Augusto Pinochet
Country: Chile, Years in Power: 1973-1990, Policies: Market liberalization, privatized state-owned companies, human rights abuses.
Maximiliano Hernández Martínez
Country: El Salvador, Years in Power: 1931-1944, Policies: Brutal suppression of peasant rebellion, fascist-inspired policies, economic modernization.
Gustavo Rojas Pinilla
Country: Colombia, Years in Power: 1953-1957, Policies: Attempted to modernize the country, reduced influence of traditional political parties, censored press.
Tiburcio Carías Andino
Country: Honduras, Years in Power: 1932-1949, Policies: Authoritarian rule, modernized the state apparatus, suppressed political opponents.
Daniel Ortega
Country: Nicaragua, Years in Power: 1985-1990, 2007-present, Policies: Sandinista policies, social reforms, accused of authoritarianism in recent years.
Omar Torrijos
Country: Panama, Years in Power: 1968-1981, Policies: Social and economic reforms, negotiated the Torrijos–Carter Treaties.
Enrique Peñaranda
Country: Bolivia, Years in Power: 1940-1943, Policies: Suppressed the socialist movements, closer economic ties with the United States, WWII Rose to power after the Chaco War.
Francois Duvalier
Country: Haiti, Years in Power: 1957-1971, Policies: Used secret police called Tonton Macoute, suppressed opposition, declared himself 'President for Life'.
Alfredo Stroessner
Country: Paraguay, Years in Power: 1954-1989, Policies: Extensive human rights abuses, supported anti-communist military operations, economic growth with inequality.
Jorge Rafael Videla
Country: Argentina, Years in Power: 1976-1981, Policies: Led the National Reorganization Process, 'Dirty War', suppression and disappearance of political dissidents.
Carlos Castillo Armas
Country: Guatemala, Years in Power: 1954-1957, Policies: Overthrew Jacobo Árbenz in a CIA-backed coup, reversed agrarian reforms, banned political parties.
Rafael Trujillo
Country: Dominican Republic, Years in Power: 1930-1961, Policies: Cult of personality, agrarian reforms, and brutal repression of opposition.
Fidel Castro
Country: Cuba, Years in Power: 1959-2008, Policies: Implemented communist policies, nationalized industry, & healthcare and education reforms.
Anastasio Somoza García
Country: Nicaragua, Years in Power: 1937-1956, Policies: Accumulation of wealth, nepotism, harsh suppression of dissent.
Juan Perón
Country: Argentina, Years in Power: 1946-1955, 1973-1974, Policies: Peronism, social welfare programs, nationalization of key industries.
Manuel Noriega
Country: Panama, Years in Power: 1983-1989, Policies: Military rule, involvement in illegal drug trafficking, maintained the Panama Canal.
Hugo Banzer
Country: Bolivia, Years in Power: 1971-1978, Policies: Banzerato period with political repression, economic stability, and closer ties with the U.S.
Fulgencio Batista
Country: Cuba, Years in Power: 1940-1944, 1952-1959, Policies: Suspended the Constitution, censored the press, used secret police.
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