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20th Century Latin American Dictators

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Augusto Pinochet

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Country: Chile, Years in Power: 1973-1990, Policies: Market liberalization, privatized state-owned companies, human rights abuses.

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Maximiliano Hernández Martínez

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Country: El Salvador, Years in Power: 1931-1944, Policies: Brutal suppression of peasant rebellion, fascist-inspired policies, economic modernization.

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Gustavo Rojas Pinilla

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Country: Colombia, Years in Power: 1953-1957, Policies: Attempted to modernize the country, reduced influence of traditional political parties, censored press.

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Tiburcio Carías Andino

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Country: Honduras, Years in Power: 1932-1949, Policies: Authoritarian rule, modernized the state apparatus, suppressed political opponents.

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Daniel Ortega

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Country: Nicaragua, Years in Power: 1985-1990, 2007-present, Policies: Sandinista policies, social reforms, accused of authoritarianism in recent years.

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Omar Torrijos

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Country: Panama, Years in Power: 1968-1981, Policies: Social and economic reforms, negotiated the Torrijos–Carter Treaties.

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Enrique Peñaranda

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Country: Bolivia, Years in Power: 1940-1943, Policies: Suppressed the socialist movements, closer economic ties with the United States, WWII Rose to power after the Chaco War.

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Francois Duvalier

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Country: Haiti, Years in Power: 1957-1971, Policies: Used secret police called Tonton Macoute, suppressed opposition, declared himself 'President for Life'.

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Alfredo Stroessner

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Country: Paraguay, Years in Power: 1954-1989, Policies: Extensive human rights abuses, supported anti-communist military operations, economic growth with inequality.

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Jorge Rafael Videla

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Country: Argentina, Years in Power: 1976-1981, Policies: Led the National Reorganization Process, 'Dirty War', suppression and disappearance of political dissidents.

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Carlos Castillo Armas

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Country: Guatemala, Years in Power: 1954-1957, Policies: Overthrew Jacobo Árbenz in a CIA-backed coup, reversed agrarian reforms, banned political parties.

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Rafael Trujillo

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Country: Dominican Republic, Years in Power: 1930-1961, Policies: Cult of personality, agrarian reforms, and brutal repression of opposition.

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Fidel Castro

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Country: Cuba, Years in Power: 1959-2008, Policies: Implemented communist policies, nationalized industry, & healthcare and education reforms.

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Anastasio Somoza García

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Country: Nicaragua, Years in Power: 1937-1956, Policies: Accumulation of wealth, nepotism, harsh suppression of dissent.

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Juan Perón

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Country: Argentina, Years in Power: 1946-1955, 1973-1974, Policies: Peronism, social welfare programs, nationalization of key industries.

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Manuel Noriega

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Country: Panama, Years in Power: 1983-1989, Policies: Military rule, involvement in illegal drug trafficking, maintained the Panama Canal.

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Hugo Banzer

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Country: Bolivia, Years in Power: 1971-1978, Policies: Banzerato period with political repression, economic stability, and closer ties with the U.S.

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Fulgencio Batista

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Country: Cuba, Years in Power: 1940-1944, 1952-1959, Policies: Suspended the Constitution, censored the press, used secret police.

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