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The Inca Empire: A Study Guide

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Quipu

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Quipu was a system of knotted strings used by the Incas for keeping records and communication.

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Atahualpa

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Atahualpa was the last Sapa Inca of the Inca Empire before the Spanish conquest; he was captured and executed by Francisco Pizarro.

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Sacsayhuaman

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Sacsayhuaman is a ceremonial complex and fortress near Cuzco with massive stone walls, reflecting the Inca architectural mastery.

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Inca Road System

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The Inca Road System was an extensive and advanced transportation network that facilitated trade and communication throughout the empire.

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Inti

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Inti was the Incan sun god and regarded as the most important deity, believed to be the ancestor of the Incas.

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Manco Capac

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Manco Capac is mythologically recognized as the founder of the Inca civilization and the first Sapa Inca.

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Tawantinsuyu

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Tawantinsuyu is the name the Incas gave to their empire, translating to 'the four regions' or 'the four parts together'.

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Cuzco

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Cuzco was the capital and the religious and administrative center of the Inca Empire.

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Terrace Farming

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Terrace farming is a form of step farming the Incas used to grow crops on the steep Andean mountain slopes.

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Chasqui

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Chasquis were the messengers of the Inca Empire, who relayed messages over great distances by running through an extensive network of relay stations.

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Ayllu

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Ayllu is a traditional form of community in the Andes, especially among Quechuas and Aymaras, which was the base of Inca society.

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The Conquistadors

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The Conquistadors were the Spanish conquerors who arrived in South America and ultimately brought about the downfall of the Inca Empire.

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Mit'a

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Mit'a was the Incan system of mandatory public service or labor tax, a form of contributing to the community.

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Viracocha

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Viracocha was a creator god in the Incan mythology responsible for creating the earth, heavens, and all living beings.

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Temple of the Sun

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The Temple of the Sun, or Coricancha, in Cuzco, was the most sacred shrine in the Inca Empire, dedicated to the worship of Inti.

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Incan Mythology

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Incan mythology encompasses the various beliefs and legends of the Inca people, especially concerning the origins of their civilization and gods like Inti and Viracocha.

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Curaca

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Curacas were local Inca rulers responsible for administering territories, collecting taxes, and maintaining order within their community.

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Sapa Inca

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The Sapa Inca was the emperor of the Inca Empire, considered a god-king and the son of the Sun.

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Pachacuti

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Pachacuti was the ninth Sapa Inca who is often credited with founding the Inca Empire and initiating its expansion.

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Warrior nobility

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The Inca warrior nobility made up the ruling class and was responsible for military leadership as well as administrative duties.

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Inti Raymi

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Inti Raymi was the Inca festival of the sun, celebrated on the winter solstice with sacrifices and offerings.

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Mama Ocllo

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Mama Ocllo was a mythical figure, considered the mother of the Inca civilization and wife of the first Sapa Inca, Manco Capac.

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Coca Leaves

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Coca leaves were sacred to the Incas, used as an offering to the gods and chewed to increase energy and reduce hunger.

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Quechua

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Quechua is the language family of the Inca civilization, still spoken today in various regions of South America.

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Machu Picchu

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Machu Picchu is a famous Incan citadel located in Peru, an example of Incan architectural achievement.

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