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Areas colonized: Attempted to establish a colony on the island of Tobago. Impact: Limited, as their efforts were short-lived due to competition from other European powers. Notable events: Couronian colonization of the Americas, colonization attempts on Tobago.

Areas colonized: No actual colonization, but were granted four Caribbean islands. Impact: They never effectively occupied or governed these territories. Notable events: Islands were granted by France but were eventually absorbed by other colonial powers.

Areas colonized: Minimal involvement in Latin American colonization. Impact: Individual Italian explorers contributed to the exploration of the continent. Notable events: Involvement in the financing of expeditions, Italian explorers like Amerigo Vespucci after whom America is named.

Areas colonized: No direct colonization in Latin America. Impact: Belgians participated in economic ventures in the region. Notable events: Limited involvement during the colonization period, indirect influence through investment and emigration.

Areas colonized: Parts of the Caribbean (Haiti, Guadeloupe, Martinique), French Guiana. Impact: Introduction of French culture and language, establishment of plantation economies. Notable events: Haitian Revolution (1791-1804), establishment and loss of Saint-Domingue.

Areas colonized: Suriname, parts of the Caribbean (Curacao, Aruba, Sint Maarten). Impact: Introduction of Dutch language and legal systems, impact on trade routes. Notable events: Dutch gained control of Suriname in Treaty of Breda (1667), Dutch West India Company.

Areas colonized: Most of South America, Central America, Mexico, and parts of the Caribbean. Impact: Introduction of Spanish language and Catholicism, significant demographic and cultural change due to mestizaje. Notable events: Conquest of the Aztec Empire by Hernán Cortés (1519-1521), the fall of the Inca Empire by Francisco Pizarro (1532).

Areas colonized: Brazil. Impact: Introduction of Portuguese language, displacement and enslavement of Indigenous populations, and establishment of a sugar economy. Notable events: Treaty of Tordesillas (1494), Dutch-Portuguese War (1601-1661).

Areas colonized: Alaska and parts of Northern California. Impact: Establishment of trade, especially in furs, and limited Russian settlements. Notable events: Russian-American Company, sale of Alaska to the United States (1867).

Areas colonized: Attempted colonization of the Darien scheme in Panama. Impact: Economic disaster led to the dissolution of the Company of Scotland. Notable events: Darien scheme (1698-1700), Act of Union with England (1707).

Areas colonized: Briefly held Saint Barthélemy in the Caribbean. Impact: Minimal lasting impact, eventual sale of the colony to France. Notable events: Sweden's acquisition of St. Barthélemy (1784), abolition and reinstatement of slavery, sale of the island to France (1878).

Areas colonized: Caribbean Islands (Jamaica, Barbados), Belize, Guyana. Impact: Introduction of English language, plantation economies, and African slaves. Notable events: Capture of Jamaica from Spain (1655), British colonization of Belize as British Honduras.

Areas colonized: Danish West Indies (US Virgin Islands), Greenland. Impact: Introduction of Danish customs and trade, slave-based plantation economy in the Caribbean. Notable events: Tranquebar, the Danish Gold Coast, sale of Danish West Indies to the United States (1917).

Areas colonized: Minor colonial attempts in the Caribbean (Brandenburg Gold Coast). Impact: Insignificant, ultimately ceded possessions to other colonial powers. Notable events: Outstanding individual Brandenburgish colonial efforts, the establishment of Fort Friedrichsburg.