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A powerful and influential woman of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, Agrippina the Younger was the mother of Emperor Nero and played a significant role in the politics of the Roman Empire.

The last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, Cleopatra was known for her intelligence, political savvy, and romantic liaisons with Roman rulers Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.

Known as the naval commander during the Greco-Persian Wars, Artemisia I of Caria is famed for her courageous counsel to Xerxes and her role in the Battle of Salamis.

Hypatia was a Hellenistic Neoplatonist philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer. She is remembered for her educational and philosophical achievements in Alexandria, where she also met a tragic end.

Aspasia was known as the partner of the Athenian statesman Pericles. A foreign-born resident of Athens, she was noted for her intelligence and ability to influence Athenian politics through her association with Pericles.

Lucretia's fate is pivotal in the history of Rome as her tragic death spurred the rebellion that led to the overthrow of the Roman monarchy and establishment of the Roman Republic.

A Chinese historian, poet, and politician, Ban Zhao was the first known female Chinese historian credited with writing parts of the 'Book of Han' and a proponent of education for women.

Trung Trac and Trung Nhi are national heroines of Vietnam known for leading the first resistance movement against the Chinese occupation of Vietnam in the 1st century AD.

Although not in ancient times, Sor Juana was a 17th-century Mexican nun who made significant contributions to early literature and is remembered for her defense of women's education.

The wife of King Leonidas, Gorgo was known for her political judgment and wisdom. She is noted for her involvement in significant events of the Greco-Persian Wars, including the Battle of Thermopylae.

Telesilla was a famous ancient Greek poet and a commander who, during a time of crisis, is said to have led the women of Argos to defend their city against a Spartan attack.

Though not ancient, Phillis Wheatley was an enslaved African American poet in the 18th century whose writings helped create the genre of African American literature.

Hatshepsut was the second historically confirmed female pharaoh of ancient Egypt. She assumed the throne and went on to rule for about 22 years, initiating building projects and establishing trade networks.

Nefertiti was an Egyptian queen and the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten. She is known for her role in Egypt's religious revolution, where they temporarily adopted monotheism, and for her iconic bust.

A Byzantine empress and wife of Emperor Justinian, Theodora was influential in Byzantine politics and social policies, advocating for women's rights and aiding in the administration of the empire.

Sumerian Priestesses, such as Enheduanna, held significant religious and political power in ancient Mesopotamia, composing temple hymns and exerting influence over the region.

The mother of Alexander the Great, Olympias, played a key role in his ascension to the Macedonian throne and is known for her political influence and possible involvement in King Philip II's assassination.

Zenobia was a 3rd-century queen of the Palmyrene Empire in Syria who challenged Roman authority by claiming Egypt and other parts of the eastern Roman Empire.

Boudica was a queen of the British Celtic Iceni tribe who led an uprising against the occupying Roman Empire in 60-61 AD, becoming an icon of the struggle for justice and independence.