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Powerful Women Rulers in History
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Byzantine Empire
Irene of Athens; First empress to rule alone in Roman history, re-established the veneration of icons.
Kingdom of Hawaii
Queen Lili'uokalani; The last sovereign monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom, composed 'Aloha 'Oe', and opposed U.S. annexation.
French Empire
Empress Josephine; First empress of France, Napoleon's first wife and major fashion icon during the Napoleonic Era.
The Ashanti Empire
Yaa Asantewaa; Ashanti queen mother who led the Ashanti rebellion known as the War of the Golden Stool against British colonialism.
Aztec Empire
La Malinche; Native Mexican woman who played a role as an interpreter, advisor, and intermediary for Hernán Cortés.
Mughal Empire
Nur Jahan; De facto ruler of the Mughal Empire at its height, major patron of architecture and art, skilled hunter and political strategist.
Macedonian Empire
Eurydice II; Queen regent of Macedon, female leader in the tumultuous period following the death of Alexander the Great.
Ancient Carthage
Queen Dido; Founder and first queen of Carthage, associated with Aeneas in Roman myth.
Han Dynasty China
Empress Lü Zhi; The first Empress of China, maintained control through political intrigue and was de facto ruler after her husband's death.
Kingdom of Kush
Amanirenas; Kandake of Kush, led her kingdom against Roman Egypt in a successful war.
Kingdom of Dahomey
Tassi Hangbe; Ruler of the Kingdom of Dahomey for a short period, purportedly established the Dahomey Amazons.
British Empire
Queen Victoria; Presided over the expansive British Empire during the Victorian era, a period of industrial, cultural, and scientific advancement.
Ptolemaic Kingdom
Arsinoe II; Co-regent with her brother Ptolemy II, influential in Hellenistic politics and deified after death.
Joseon Dynasty Korea
Queen Min; The last empress consort of Korea, exerted immense influence over state affairs and was assassinated.
Chinese Tang Dynasty
Wu Zetian; Only empress regnant of China, led with an iron fist and instituted various reforms.
Delhi Sultanate
Razia Sultana; The first and only female monarch in the Delhi Sultanate, known for her wisdom and leadership.
Ancient Egypt
Hatshepsut; Longest reigning female pharaoh, known for extensive building projects and a peaceful reign.
Phoenician Empire
Jezebel; Phoenician princess who became Queen consort of Israel, notorious for promoting the worship of Baal.
Macedonian Empire
Olympias; Mother of Alexander the Great, de facto leader while her son conquered the Achaemenid Empire.
Kingdom of Egypt
Cleopatra VII Philopator; Last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, famed for her intelligence and romance with Roman leaders.
Russian Empire
Catherine the Great; Enlarged and westernized the Russian Empire, patron of the arts, known for enlightened absolutism.
Kingdom of Castile
Queen Isabella I; Sponsored Columbus' voyage to the New World, unified Spain, and established the Spanish Inquisition.
Kingdom of Jhansi
Rani Lakshmibai; Led a rebellion against the British Raj during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, known for her bravery.
Neo-Assyrian Empire
Semiramis; Legendary Assyrian queen, associated with the construction of the hanging gardens and other impressive works.
Ottoman Empire
Kösem Sultan; One of the most powerful women in Ottoman history, served as regent for her sons and grandson.
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