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Powerful Women Rulers in History

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Byzantine Empire

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Irene of Athens; First empress to rule alone in Roman history, re-established the veneration of icons.

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Kingdom of Hawaii

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Queen Lili'uokalani; The last sovereign monarch of the Hawaiian Kingdom, composed 'Aloha 'Oe', and opposed U.S. annexation.

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French Empire

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Empress Josephine; First empress of France, Napoleon's first wife and major fashion icon during the Napoleonic Era.

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The Ashanti Empire

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Yaa Asantewaa; Ashanti queen mother who led the Ashanti rebellion known as the War of the Golden Stool against British colonialism.

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Aztec Empire

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La Malinche; Native Mexican woman who played a role as an interpreter, advisor, and intermediary for Hernán Cortés.

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Mughal Empire

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Nur Jahan; De facto ruler of the Mughal Empire at its height, major patron of architecture and art, skilled hunter and political strategist.

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Macedonian Empire

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Eurydice II; Queen regent of Macedon, female leader in the tumultuous period following the death of Alexander the Great.

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Ancient Carthage

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Queen Dido; Founder and first queen of Carthage, associated with Aeneas in Roman myth.

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Han Dynasty China

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Empress Lü Zhi; The first Empress of China, maintained control through political intrigue and was de facto ruler after her husband's death.

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Kingdom of Kush

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Amanirenas; Kandake of Kush, led her kingdom against Roman Egypt in a successful war.

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Kingdom of Dahomey

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Tassi Hangbe; Ruler of the Kingdom of Dahomey for a short period, purportedly established the Dahomey Amazons.

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British Empire

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Queen Victoria; Presided over the expansive British Empire during the Victorian era, a period of industrial, cultural, and scientific advancement.

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Ptolemaic Kingdom

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Arsinoe II; Co-regent with her brother Ptolemy II, influential in Hellenistic politics and deified after death.

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Joseon Dynasty Korea

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Queen Min; The last empress consort of Korea, exerted immense influence over state affairs and was assassinated.

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Chinese Tang Dynasty

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Wu Zetian; Only empress regnant of China, led with an iron fist and instituted various reforms.

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Delhi Sultanate

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Razia Sultana; The first and only female monarch in the Delhi Sultanate, known for her wisdom and leadership.

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Ancient Egypt

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Hatshepsut; Longest reigning female pharaoh, known for extensive building projects and a peaceful reign.

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Phoenician Empire

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Jezebel; Phoenician princess who became Queen consort of Israel, notorious for promoting the worship of Baal.

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Macedonian Empire

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Olympias; Mother of Alexander the Great, de facto leader while her son conquered the Achaemenid Empire.

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Kingdom of Egypt

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Cleopatra VII Philopator; Last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom, famed for her intelligence and romance with Roman leaders.

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Russian Empire

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Catherine the Great; Enlarged and westernized the Russian Empire, patron of the arts, known for enlightened absolutism.

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Kingdom of Castile

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Queen Isabella I; Sponsored Columbus' voyage to the New World, unified Spain, and established the Spanish Inquisition.

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Kingdom of Jhansi

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Rani Lakshmibai; Led a rebellion against the British Raj during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, known for her bravery.

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Neo-Assyrian Empire

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Semiramis; Legendary Assyrian queen, associated with the construction of the hanging gardens and other impressive works.

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Ottoman Empire

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Kösem Sultan; One of the most powerful women in Ottoman history, served as regent for her sons and grandson.

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