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Healthcare Fraud and Abuse Laws
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Flashcards
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Misrepresentation of Provider Information
Intentionally providing inaccurate information about the healthcare provider or facility to obtain higher payments. Examples include using a physician’s NPI (National Provider Identifier) without authorization.
Medicaid Fraud
A form of healthcare fraud specifically directed at the Medicaid program, involving billing for services not rendered or unnecessary services, among other things. Examples include overbilling and billing for non-performed services.
Prescription Fraud
Illegally acquiring or distributing prescription drugs, which may include forging prescriptions, impersonating medical personnel, or acquiring medications for non-medical use. Examples include doctor shopping and pill mills.
Services Not Rendered
Billing for medical services that were never provided to the patient. Examples include charging for a surgical procedure that was not actually performed.
Healthcare Abuse
Practices that are inconsistent with sound fiscal, business, or medical practices and result in an unnecessary cost or in reimbursement for services that are not medically necessary or fail to meet professionally recognized standards for healthcare. Examples include excessive services or overuse of services.
False Claims Act
Prohibits knowingly submitting false or fraudulent claims to the federal government for payment. Examples include billing for services not provided, upcoding, and submitting claims for unnecessary services.
Upcoding
Charging for a higher level of service than was actually performed, thereby illegally increasing reimbursement amounts. Examples include billing for a complex level of care when a basic one was provided.
Unbundling
Billing separately for services that are typically charged together at a reduced rate, thus increasing the total reimbursement. Examples include billing each step of a surgical procedure as if it were a separate procedure.
Billing for Non-Existent Patients
Involves submitting claims for reimbursement for fabricated patients or for real patients who never received services. Examples consist of creating fake patient records and identities.
Anti-Kickback Statute (AKS)
Prevents offering, paying, soliciting, or receiving anything of value to induce or reward referrals or generate Federal healthcare program business involving any item or service. Examples include referral fees, kickbacks, and bribes.
Medicare Fraud
Involves knowingly billing Medicare for services that were not provided or are not medically necessary, or misrepresenting the service provided. Examples include phantom billing and billing for deceased patients.
Cost Report Fraud
Falsifying data on Medicare and Medicaid cost reports to obtain higher reimbursements than are due. Examples include inflating reported costs or misreporting data on cost reports.
Self-Referral
Occurs when a physician refers a patient to a medical facility in which they have a financial interest, potentially compromising the physician’s professional judgment. Examples include owning shares in an imaging center to which the physician refers patients.
Medical Identity Theft
Stealing personal information, such as a patient's health insurance data, to obtain medical services, prescription drugs, or to file fraudulent insurance claims. Examples include using another person's health insurance card to receive care.
Stark Law (Physician Self-Referral Law)
Forbids physician referrals for certain designated health services payable by Medicare to an entity with which the physician or an immediate family member has a financial relationship, unless an exception applies. Examples include improper referral arrangements and compensation structures.
Waiving of Deductibles and Co-payments
Routinely waiving deductibles or co-payments without a legitimate financial hardship or failure to collect after reasonable effort, to entice patients or induce the use of services. Examples include advertising 'no out-of-pocket costs' without proper context.
Duplicate Claims
Submitting multiple claims for the same service to the same or different insurers, with the intention to be paid multiple times. Examples include filing the same claim with primary and secondary insurers.
Healthcare Embezzlement
Theft or misappropriation of funds placed in one's trust or belonging to one's employer. Examples include an employee siphoning funds from a healthcare clinic or a billing clerk pocketing patient payments.
Kickback
Refers to giving something of value to influence a person's judgment or conduct, particularly in referring patients for services. Examples include cash, gifts, or services in return for patient referrals.
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