Discover published sets by community

A fundamental antitrust law in the United States that prohibits monopolies and any agreements that restrict interstate commerce. It has been instrumental in maintaining a competitive market.

This Act addresses specific practices that the Sherman Act does not clearly prohibit, such as discriminatory services, pricing, and mergers that may lessen competition or create a monopoly.

Certain sectors and activities are exempt from antitrust laws due to federal regulatory schemes or state action immunity, like insurance, baseball, and certain exported goods.

An amendment to the Clayton Act intended to prohibit anticompetitive practices by producers, specifically price discrimination among different purchasers if it affects competition.

The process by which a company gains the ability to dictate market prices and eliminate competition. It is generally considered illegal when achieved through improper conduct.

An agreement between business competitors to sell the same product or service at a set price. It restricts competition and is illegal under antitrust laws.

Selling products or services at a very low price with the intent of driving competitors out of the market, after which prices are raised to a much higher level.

Established the Federal Trade Commission which administers antitrust and consumer protection legislation in pursuit of free and fair competition.

An anticompetitive practice where competing firms divide markets among themselves, either by geographical area or type of product/service, limiting competition.

A situation where a retailer or wholesaler is 'tied' by a supplier to purchase exclusively from them, rather than from competitors, which may run afoul of antitrust laws.

A sale condition imposed by a seller to force the buyer to purchase an additional product that the buyer neither wants nor needs, potentially violating antitrust laws.

Agreements between firms at different levels of the supply chain, such as between manufacturers and retailers. These can include resale price maintenance or exclusive dealing.

A measure of market concentration used to determine the potential for anticompetitive behavior. Calculated as the sum of the squares of the market shares of all participants.

Occurs when manufacturers and distributors agree on the minimum prices at which a product may be resold. It can have anticompetitive effects, though not always deemed illegal.

Any agreement that restricts competition between rival firms competing in the same market, such as price fixing or market division. These are typically illegal per se.

Refers to the coordination between firms without explicit agreement which is often subject to antitrust regulation because it can lead to anticompetitive outcomes.

Certain business practices are considered so harmful to competition that they are illegal per se, without any need to study their actual impact on the market.

The ability of a firm or group of firms to raise and maintain price above the level that would prevail under competition, often a key consideration in antitrust cases.

The antitrust doctrine under which a trade practice violates the Sherman Act only if the practice has an unreasonable restraint on competition.

Within antitrust law, concerns that mergers and acquisitions could reduce the incentive to innovate, particularly in high-tech or rapidly changing markets.

A legal theory that requires owners of a facility deemed essential for competition to provide access to it on fair terms. Failure to do so can result in antitrust liability.

Issued by the FTC and DOJ, these guidelines assess whether proposed mergers and acquisitions would lead to excessive market concentration and reduce competition.

Contracts where one party agrees not to enter into or start a similar profession in competition against another party. While sometimes necessary, they can be scrutinized under antitrust law if they are overly broad or long.

A combination of two companies operating at different levels within an industry's supply chain, which can lead to increased efficiency but sometimes diminish competition.