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Criminal Law: Key Offenses
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Theft
Legal Definition: The act of taking someone else's property without permission with the intent to permanently deprive them of it. Example: Taking someone's bicycle from their driveway and not returning it.
Murder
Legal Definition: The unlawful killing of another human being with malice aforethought. Example: Planning and executing the killing of a rival.
Embezzlement
Legal Definition: Theft or misappropriation of funds placed in one's trust or belonging to one's employer. Example: A cashier stealing money from the cash register.
Battery
Legal Definition: The intentional and unlawful physical contact with another person without their consent. Example: Punching someone during a fight.
Drug Trafficking
Legal Definition: The illegal trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws. Example: Smuggling narcotics across international borders.
Tax Evasion
Legal Definition: The illegal non-payment or underpayment of tax. Example: Failing to report income to avoid tax liabilities.
Burglary
Legal Definition: Unlawfully entering a building with the intent to commit a crime, especially theft, once inside. Example: Breaking into a house at night to steal jewelry.
Trespass
Legal Definition: Entering onto the land of another without permission or lawful right and without causing harm. Example: Walking through someone's private property without their consent.
Perjury
Legal Definition: Lying under oath during a legal proceeding. Example: Providing false testimony in court.
Kidnapping
Legal Definition: The unlawful taking and carrying away of a person by force or fraud. Example: Abducting someone and holding them for ransom.
Money Laundering
Legal Definition: The process by which the proceeds of crime are transformed into ostensibly legitimate money or other assets. Example: Using a legitimate business to funnel illegal drug sale profits.
Manslaughter
Legal Definition: The unlawful killing of another human being without malice aforethought. Example: Accidentally causing the death of someone during a reckless driving incident.
Vandalism
Legal Definition: The action involving deliberate destruction of or damage to public or private property. Example: Spray-painting graffiti on a public building.
Robbery
Legal Definition: Taking property from another person by using force or threats. Example: Holding a cashier at gunpoint and demanding money from the register.
Identity Theft
Legal Definition: The fraudulent acquisition and use of a person's private identifying information, usually for financial gain. Example: Using someone else's identity to apply for a credit card.
Extortion
Legal Definition: The practice of obtaining something, especially money, through force or threats. Example: Threatening to reveal someone's secrets unless they pay a large sum of money.
Insider Trading
Legal Definition: Trading a public company's stock or other securities by individuals with access to nonpublic information about the company. Example: Buying stock based on confidential information that will impact the stock price.
Rape
Legal Definition: Non-consensual sexual intercourse performed against a person's will, often using force, threat, or intimidation. Example: Forcing someone to have sex against their will.
Fraud
Legal Definition: The deliberate deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain. Example: Falsifying financial information to obtain a loan.
Cybercrime
Legal Definition: Offenses that are committed against individuals or groups of individuals with a criminal motive to intentionally harm the reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm to the victim directly or indirectly using modern telecommunication networks. Example: Hacking into a database to steal user data.
Stalking
Legal Definition: Repeatedly following or harassing another person and making a credible threat with the intent to instill fear or harm. Example: Continuously sending threatening messages and showing up at someone's workplace uninvited.
Contempt of Court
Legal Definition: Behavior that opposes or defies the authority, justice, and dignity of the court. Example: Yelling at the judge during a trial or refusing to answer a subpoena.
Sexual Assault
Legal Definition: An involuntary act in which a person sexually contacts another person without that person's consent. Example: Touching someone inappropriately without permission at a social gathering.
Public Intoxication
Legal Definition: The offense of appearing in a public place while drunk to a degree that may cause a person to annoy others nearby. Example: Staggering drunkenly and shouting in a public square.
Hate Crime
Legal Definition: A crime motivated by bias, prejudice, or hatred towards a particular group defined by race, religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity, or other social criteria. Example: Vandalizing a place of worship due to religious animosity.
Counterfeiting
Legal Definition: The act of making an imitation of something valuable with the intention to deceive. Example: Producing fake currency and attempting to spend it.
Assault
Legal Definition: An act that creates an apprehension in another of an imminent, harmful, or offensive contact. Example: Swinging a fist at someone but not making contact.
DUI (Driving Under the Influence)
Legal Definition: Operating a motor vehicle while one's blood alcohol content is above the legal limit set by statute. Example: Driving a car after consuming enough alcohol to reach a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08%, which is typically the legal limit.
Arson
Legal Definition: The willful and malicious burning or charring of property. Example: Intentionally setting a building on fire.
Bribery
Legal Definition: Offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions of an official or other person in charge of a public or legal duty. Example: Paying a government official to receive favorable treatment in a business deal.
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