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Human Rights Instruments
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Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
Purpose: To establish a common standard of achievements for all peoples and nations regarding human rights. Key Provisions: Dignity, Liberty, Equality, and Brotherhood.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
Purpose: To ensure that individuals have a wide range of civil and political rights. Key Provisions: Right to life, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and the right to a fair trial.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
Purpose: To guarantee that individuals have various economic, social, and cultural rights. Key Provisions: Right to work, social security, family life, education, and the highest attainable standard of health.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
Purpose: To end discrimination against women in all forms. Key Provisions: Elimination of discrimination in education, employment, and healthcare; equality before the law.
Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)
Purpose: To protect the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of children. Key Provisions: The right to education, the right to health, the right to protection from abuse and exploitation.
Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT)
Purpose: To prevent torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment around the world. Key Provisions: Definition of torture, obligations to prevent and punish acts of torture.
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD)
Purpose: To eliminate racial discrimination and promote understanding among all races. Key Provisions: Definition of racial discrimination, obligations to eradicate racial discrimination.
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)
Purpose: To promote, protect, and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights by persons with disabilities. Key Provisions: Accessibility, personal mobility, independent living, and inclusion in the community.
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
Purpose: To protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. Key Provisions: Right to life, prohibition of torture, right to a fair trial, and respect for private and family life.
American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR)
Purpose: To consolidate and expand upon the human rights guaranteed in the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man. Key Provisions: Right to humane treatment, freedom of thought and expression, and rights of the family.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (Banjul Charter)
Purpose: To protect human rights and basic freedoms in the African continent. Key Provisions: Civil and political rights, economic, social and cultural rights, duties of individuals.
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
Purpose: To prevent genocide and punish those who commit it. Key Provisions: Definition of genocide, obligations to prevent and to punish the crime of genocide.
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
Purpose: To prevent enforced disappearances and to combat impunity for the crime of enforced disappearance. Key Provisions: Prohibition of enforced disappearance, the right to know the truth about the circumstances of an enforced disappearance.
Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity
Purpose: To ensure that war crimes and crimes against humanity are not subject to statutes of limitations. Key Provisions: Non-applicability of statutory limitations to war crimes against humanity, regardless of the date of their commission.
Hague Conventions
Purpose: To codify the rules of war and protect the victims of armed conflicts. Key Provisions: Laws of war, treatment of prisoners of war, protections for the wounded, and rules regarding the conduct of hostilities.
Geneva Conventions
Purpose: To protect individuals who are not participating in combat (civilians, health workers, and injured soldiers) during war. Key Provisions: Protections for the wounded and sick, prisoners of war, and civilians in wartime.
Protocol I and Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions
Purpose: To strengthen humanitarian protections during armed conflicts. Key Provisions: Protocol I relates to international conflicts, including wars of liberation; Protocol II relates to non-international conflicts, including civil wars.
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict (OPAC)
Purpose: To increase the protection of children from exploitation in armed conflicts. Key Provisions: Raises the minimum age for direct participation in hostilities, compulsory recruitment, and any recruitment or use in hostilities by non-state armed groups.
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