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Human Rights Instruments
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Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)
Purpose: To protect the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of children. Key Provisions: The right to education, the right to health, the right to protection from abuse and exploitation.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
Purpose: To ensure that individuals have a wide range of civil and political rights. Key Provisions: Right to life, freedom of speech, freedom of assembly, and the right to a fair trial.
Geneva Conventions
Purpose: To protect individuals who are not participating in combat (civilians, health workers, and injured soldiers) during war. Key Provisions: Protections for the wounded and sick, prisoners of war, and civilians in wartime.
African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights (Banjul Charter)
Purpose: To protect human rights and basic freedoms in the African continent. Key Provisions: Civil and political rights, economic, social and cultural rights, duties of individuals.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
Purpose: To end discrimination against women in all forms. Key Provisions: Elimination of discrimination in education, employment, and healthcare; equality before the law.
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (CERD)
Purpose: To eliminate racial discrimination and promote understanding among all races. Key Provisions: Definition of racial discrimination, obligations to eradicate racial discrimination.
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide
Purpose: To prevent genocide and punish those who commit it. Key Provisions: Definition of genocide, obligations to prevent and to punish the crime of genocide.
Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity
Purpose: To ensure that war crimes and crimes against humanity are not subject to statutes of limitations. Key Provisions: Non-applicability of statutory limitations to war crimes against humanity, regardless of the date of their commission.
International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance
Purpose: To prevent enforced disappearances and to combat impunity for the crime of enforced disappearance. Key Provisions: Prohibition of enforced disappearance, the right to know the truth about the circumstances of an enforced disappearance.
European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR)
Purpose: To protect human rights and fundamental freedoms in Europe. Key Provisions: Right to life, prohibition of torture, right to a fair trial, and respect for private and family life.
Protocol I and Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions
Purpose: To strengthen humanitarian protections during armed conflicts. Key Provisions: Protocol I relates to international conflicts, including wars of liberation; Protocol II relates to non-international conflicts, including civil wars.
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
Purpose: To guarantee that individuals have various economic, social, and cultural rights. Key Provisions: Right to work, social security, family life, education, and the highest attainable standard of health.
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)
Purpose: To promote, protect, and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights by persons with disabilities. Key Provisions: Accessibility, personal mobility, independent living, and inclusion in the community.
Hague Conventions
Purpose: To codify the rules of war and protect the victims of armed conflicts. Key Provisions: Laws of war, treatment of prisoners of war, protections for the wounded, and rules regarding the conduct of hostilities.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
Purpose: To establish a common standard of achievements for all peoples and nations regarding human rights. Key Provisions: Dignity, Liberty, Equality, and Brotherhood.
Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CAT)
Purpose: To prevent torture and cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment around the world. Key Provisions: Definition of torture, obligations to prevent and punish acts of torture.
American Convention on Human Rights (ACHR)
Purpose: To consolidate and expand upon the human rights guaranteed in the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man. Key Provisions: Right to humane treatment, freedom of thought and expression, and rights of the family.
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict (OPAC)
Purpose: To increase the protection of children from exploitation in armed conflicts. Key Provisions: Raises the minimum age for direct participation in hostilities, compulsory recruitment, and any recruitment or use in hostilities by non-state armed groups.
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