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Initial stage where parties formally submit their claims and defenses.

The delivery of legal documents to involved parties to notify them of the start of a legal action.

A pre-trial phase where parties obtain evidence from each other to prepare for trial.

Pre-trial phase involving formal requests to the court for certain rulings or actions.

A meeting before trial, presided over by a judge, to simplify the issues and plan the course of the trial.

The main phase where evidence is presented, witnesses testify, and a verdict is reached.

The process where jurors are chosen to serve on a trial.

Initial remarks by attorneys outlining what they intend to prove during the trial.

The phase where each side introduces evidence to support their claims or defenses.

Final statements by attorneys summarizing the evidence and suggesting reasons to rule in their favor.

Directions given by the judge to the jury explaining the law that applies to the case and how to apply it.

The final decision by a judge or jury on the outcome of the case.

The official decision of a court regarding the rights and claims of the parties in a legal action.

In criminal cases, the post-verdict stage where punishment is announced.

The process of challenging the decision of a lower court by asking a higher court to review it.

The legal process of ensuring compliance with a court's judgment, such as collecting damages.

A resolution between parties to conclude a legal case before going to trial or before a final judgment is issued.

Procedures for settling disputes by means other than litigation, such as arbitration or mediation.

Appeals of certain non-final court orders made before the trial has concluded.