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Basic Differential Equations

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dydx=f(ax+by+c)\frac{dy}{dx} = f(ax + by + c)

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Thegeneralsolutionisimplicitandfoundusingthemethodofcharacteristics.The general solution is implicit and found using the method of characteristics.

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d2ydx2=f(dydx)\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} = f\left(\frac{dy}{dx}\right)

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Thegeneralsolutionrequiresanintegrationandtheintroductionofonearbitraryconstantforeach,resultinginanimplicitsolution.The general solution requires an integration and the introduction of one arbitrary constant for each, resulting in an implicit solution.

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dydx=g(x)\frac{dy}{dx} = g(x)

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y=g(x)dx+Cy = \int g(x) \, dx + C, where CC is an arbitrary constant

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dydx+P(x)y=0\frac{dy}{dx} + P(x)y = 0

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y=CeP(x)dxy = Ce^{-\int P(x) \, dx}, where CC is an arbitrary constant

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dydx+P(x)y=Q(x)\frac{dy}{dx} + P(x)y = Q(x)

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y=eP(x)dx(Q(x)eP(x)dxdx+C)y = e^{-\int P(x) \, dx}\left(\int Q(x)e^{\int P(x) \, dx}\, dx + C\right), where CC is an arbitrary constant

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d2ydx22bdydx+ay=0\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} - 2b\frac{dy}{dx} + ay = 0

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The form of the solution depends on the discriminant b24ab^2 - 4a.

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d2ydx2+ay=0\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} + ay = 0

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y=C1cos(ax)+C2sin(ax)y = C_1\cos(\sqrt{a}x) + C_2\sin(\sqrt{a}x), where C1C_1 and C2C_2 are arbitrary constants and a>0a>0

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d2ydx2ay=0\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} - ay = 0

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y=C1eax+C2eaxy = C_1e^{\sqrt{a}x} + C_2e^{-\sqrt{a}x}, where C1C_1 and C2C_2 are arbitrary constants and a>0a>0

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d2ydx2+2bdydx+ay=0\frac{d^2y}{dx^2} + 2b\frac{dy}{dx} + ay = 0

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The form of the solution depends on the discriminant b24ab^2 - 4a.

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dydx=ky\frac{dy}{dx} = ky

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y=Cekxy = Ce^{kx}, where CC is an arbitrary constant

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