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Dynamical Systems and Phase Plane Analysis
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Linear systems and their solutions
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, types of nodes and spirals, direction fields
Predator-prey models
Lotka-Volterra equations, oscillatory dynamics, predator-prey interactions
Dynamics of a damped pendulum
Damped harmonic oscillator, phase plane trajectories, energy dissipation
Stability of critical points
Lyapunov's direct method, stability, asymptotic stability, and instability
Existence of limit cycles
Poincaré-Bendixson Theorem, non-existence in linear systems, criteria for limit cycles existence
Epidemiological models in phase plane
SIR model, endemic equilibria, threshold phenomena
Nonlinear systems and linearization
Hartman-Grobman theorem, Jacobian matrix, local behavior near critical points
Conservative systems
Conservation of energy, closed orbits, Hamiltonian systems
Phase plane analysis of competing species
Lotka-Volterra model, coexistence equilibrium, species competition or cooperation
Bifurcation theory
Saddle-node, transcritical, pitchfork, and Hopf bifurcations, parameter changes leading to new behavior
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