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Amplification and Speakers
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Power Amplifier
Boosts low-power audio signals to a level strong enough to drive speakers and create sound.
Tweeter
A type of loudspeaker designed to produce high-frequency sounds, typically from around 2,000 Hz to 20,000 Hz.
Pre-Amplifier
Processes and prepares an audio signal before it's amplified by the power amplifier.
Class A Amplifiers
Amplifiers where the output transistors conduct electrical current at all times, known for their high fidelity but low efficiency.
Woofer
A speaker driver designed to produce low-frequency sounds, typically from around 40 Hz to 1,000 Hz.
Sensitivity
Indicates how loud a speaker will be at a certain distance with a given amount of power, typically expressed in decibels (dB).
Frequency Response
The range of frequencies that a speaker can reproduce, typically given as a range (e.g., 50 Hz to 20 kHz) and sometimes accompanied by a variance (e.g., ±3 dB).
Impedance
A measure of the resistance an amplifier will encounter when trying to drive a given speaker, typically measured in ohms ().
Class D Amplifiers
Operate by rapidly switching the output transistors on and off to control power, known for high efficiency and low heat production.
Cross-over
An electronic circuit that divides an audio signal into multiple frequency bands so that each speaker driver (tweeters, midrange, woofers) receives the correct frequency range.
Full-Range Speaker
A speaker designed to cover as much of the audio frequency range as possible without the need for separate drivers.
THD (Total Harmonic Distortion)
A measure of the harmonic distortion present and is defined as the ratio of the sum of the powers of all harmonic frequencies above the fundamental frequency to the power of the fundamental frequency.
Bi-Wiring
Connecting a speaker to an amplifier with two separate sets of cables, one pair for the high frequencies and another for the low frequencies.
Subwoofer
A type of loudspeaker designed to reproduce very low bass frequencies, typically below 100 Hz.
Bi-Amping
Using two separate amplifiers for the different drivers (tweeters and woofers) within a speaker system.
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