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MIDI Basics
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MIDI Controller
A device that sends MIDI signals to a MIDI-enabled device to trigger sounds and control parameters. Often takes the form of keyboard, but can also be drum pads, guitar-style controllers, wind controllers, and more.
Velocity
A MIDI message value that represents how hard a key is pressed or a note is hit, corresponding to the dynamics of the note being played.
Control Change (CC)
MIDI messages that indicate a change in a control value, such as modulation wheel, volume, pan, and other parameters, allowing for expressive control of sound during performance or editing.
Program Change
A MIDI message that triggers a change in the preset or patch (instrument sound) on a synthesizer or in software, enabling performers to switch instruments quickly during performance.
MIDI Message
A digital signal that represents musical information and control data in the MIDI communication protocol. It can communicate note on/off, control changes, program changes, and more.
MIDI Keyboard
A type of MIDI controller resembling a piano keyboard, which sends MIDI messages to trigger notes and control sound parameters on a synthesizer or in digital audio workstation software.
MIDI Interface
A hardware device or software that manages the input and output of MIDI data between MIDI instruments and computers.
Polyphonic Aftertouch
A MIDI feature that provides aftertouch data for individual keys, allowing for independent modulation of notes, rather than the global aftertouch that affects all keys.
MIDI
Musical Instrument Digital Interface, a technical standard that describes a protocol, digital interface, and connectors to connect a wide variety of electronic musical instruments, computers, and other related devices for playing, editing, and recording music.
MIDI Mapping
The process of assigning specific MIDI messages (from controllers or other sources) to control elements within software or a device so that these elements respond to the MIDI data.
Aftertouch
A MIDI message that communicates additional pressure applied to keys after they have been struck, allowing for continued modulation of a note's parameters.
SysEx (System Exclusive)
A type of MIDI message that allows for the transmission of device-specific data. Typically used for patch data dumps, device settings, and other manufacturer-specific information.
Note On/Off
MIDI messages that tell a synthesizer when a note should start (Note On) and stop (Note Off). These messages include information about the note number and velocity (how hard the note is played).
Pitch Bend
A MIDI control message that causes the pitch of the currently playing notes to bend up or down. The amount of pitch change can vary depending on the receiving instrument's settings.
MIDI Channel
One of sixteen possible data streams over which MIDI devices can communicate, with each channel carrying messages for one musical part or instrument.
MIDI Time Code (MTC)
A MIDI protocol used to synchronize audio, video, and other media across various MIDI-enabled devices, ensuring that all parts align in time.
MIDI Clock
A signal that communicates tempo information between MIDI devices to synchronize their tempo-based effects or sequences.
MIDI Thru
A type of MIDI port that outputs an exact copy of the data received at the MIDI In port, allowing for the daisy-chaining of multiple MIDI devices.
General MIDI (GM)
An extension of the MIDI standard that ensures consistent performance on all GM-compatible devices by standardizing instrument patch maps and behavior.
MIDI Sequencer
A device or software application used to record, edit, and play back MIDI data in a sequential manner, enabling complex composition and control over multiple channels of MIDI information.
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