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Important Theatrical Movements
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Realism
Time period: Late 19th to early 20th century. Key characteristics include everyday settings, complex characters, and a focus on socio-economic issues.
Postmodern Theatre
Time period: Late 20th century to present. Key characteristics include fragmentation of narrative, pastiche, and the questioning of objective truth.
Naturalism
Time period: Late 19th century. Key characteristics include a deterministic viewpoint of human behavior, extreme realism, and often a focus on darker aspects of life.
Expressionism
Time period: Early 20th century. Key characteristics include the representation of reality through the subjective perspective of the protagonist and the use of distortion and exaggeration.
Surrealism
Time period: Early 20th century. Key characteristics include an exploration of the subconscious, the use of unexpected juxtapositions, and dream-like qualities.
Theatre of Cruelty
Time period: Mid-20th century. Key characteristics include assaulting the senses of the audience, non-traditional narrative structures, and the integration of life and art.
Theatre for Social Change
Time period: Various, with a noticeable upswing in the 20th century. Key characteristics include promoting social change, confronting injustice, and community engagement.
Environmental Theatre
Time period: Late 20th century. Key characteristics include the use of the entire space as a performance area, audience interaction, and the breaking down of barriers between actors and audience.
Romantic Theatre
Time period: Late 18th century to mid-19th century. Key characteristics include an emphasis on emotion and individualism, as well as a fascination with the exotic and supernatural.
Greek Theatre
Time period: 6th century BCE and later. Key characteristics include the use of masks, the chorus, and the structure of tragedy and comedy.
Epic Theatre
Time period: Early to mid-20th century. Key characteristics include the alienation effect, narration, and a focus on the audience's intellectual response over emotional involvement.
Absurdist Theatre
Time period: Mid-20th century. Key characteristics include nonsensical dialogue, illogical plots, and the meaningless of human existence.
Roman Theatre
Time period: 3rd century BCE - 6th century CE. Key characteristics include stock characters in comedy, use of a raised stage, and the influence on medieval theatre.
Symbolism
Time period: Late 19th to early 20th century. Key characteristics include the use of symbolism to convey deeper meanings and an emphasis on mood and atmosphere over plot.
Renaissance Theatre
Time period: 14th to 17th century. Key characteristics include the revival of classical texts, the advent of opera, and the popularity of Shakespeare's works.
Dada
Time period: Early 20th century. Key characteristics include nonsense, irrationality, and an anti-war, anti-bourgeois sentiment.
Futurism
Time period: Early 20th century. Key characteristics include the glorification of technology and industry, an emphasis on youth and violence, and the rejection of the past.
Medieval Theatre
Time period: 5th to 15th century. Key characteristics include mystery plays, morality plays, and the use of pageant wagons for staging.
Neoclassical Theatre
Time period: 17th to 18th century. Key characteristics include the unities of time, place, and action, and a strong emphasis on order and decorum.
Physical Theatre
Time period: Late 20th century to present. Key characteristics include storytelling through physical movement, the integration of dance and acrobatics, and an emphasis on visual imagery.
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