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Puppetry Types and Terminology

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Ventriloquism

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The art of making one’s voice appear to come from somewhere else, usually a dummy. Example: Edgar Bergen with his character Charlie McCarthy.

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Animatronics

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The use of robotics to animate puppets, commonly used in film and theme parks. Examples: Dinosaurs in 'Jurassic Park', Disney's 'Pirates of the Caribbean' attractions.

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Glove Puppet

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A puppet worn like a glove, with the puppeteer's fingers controlling the head and arms. Example: The traditional British character Punch from Punch and Judy shows.

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Tabletop Puppetry

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Puppets operated from below by rods on a table surface, allowing for intricate movements and often used for group storytelling. Example: The characters in 'The Lion King' musical during 'Circle of Life'.

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Puppeteer

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An artist who manipulates and brings life to a puppet. Famous examples include Jim Henson and Frank Oz.

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Muppet

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A brand of distinct, characteristically expressive hand-and-rod puppets created by Jim Henson. Example: Miss Piggy.

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Hand Puppet

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A puppet operated by the puppeteer's hand fitting inside the puppet, making it talk and move. Examples: The Muppets, Sock Puppets.

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Bunraku

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A traditional Japanese puppet theater where each puppet is operated by multiple puppeteers who are often visible to the audience. Example: The classic 'Chikamatsu Monzaemon' plays.

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Bread and Puppet Theater

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A theater company known for large-scale performances and the political nature of its productions. They often use giant puppets. Example: Their annual 'Domestic Resurrection Circus'.

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Marionette

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A type of puppet controlled by strings from above. They can have a highly sophisticated range of movements. Example: The classic marionettes in 'The Sound of Music'.

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Body Puppet

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A type of puppet where the puppeteer's body is used as a part of the puppet, often seen in large-scale performances. Examples: The larger-than-life animals in 'The Lion King' on Broadway.

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Digital Puppetry

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Puppetry that combines traditional puppeteering techniques with digital technology, as seen in virtual environments or using motion capture. Example: The 3D animated character Waldo C. Graphic from 'The Jim Henson Hour'.

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Rod Puppet

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A puppet manipulated by rods, usually from below, allowing for more control over the limbs. Example: The Muppets' Kermit the Frog when he's shown riding a bicycle.

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Finger Puppet

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A tiny puppet that fits on a single finger, usually involving minimal movement. Examples: Farm animal sets for children's storytelling.

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Water Puppetry

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Originating in Vietnam, these puppets are controlled from beneath a water surface, with the water concealing the mechanisms. Example: The Thang Long Water Puppet Theater in Hanoi.

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Object Puppetry

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Turning everyday objects into puppets by animating them, a form of improvisational puppetry. Examples: Using spoons as characters, or a towel as a living creature.

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Sicilian Marionettes

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A form of marionette theater from Sicily, often involving epic storytelling from classics like 'The Song of Roland'. Example: The Opera dei Pupi shows.

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Shadow Puppetry

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Uses flat cut-out figures that are held between a source of light and a translucent screen. The puppeteer manipulates the figures to cast shadows. Example: Wayang kulit from Indonesia.

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Black Light Puppetry

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Puppets are performed under a black light, making only the puppets and other fluorescent materials visible. Example: Use in dance performances and psychedelic shows.

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Cantastoria

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Storytelling through pictures, where a narrator points to images while singing or speaking the narrative. Example: The practice of 'Bankelsang' in Central Europe.

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