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Puppetry Types and Terminology
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Cantastoria
Storytelling through pictures, where a narrator points to images while singing or speaking the narrative. Example: The practice of 'Bankelsang' in Central Europe.
Ventriloquism
The art of making one’s voice appear to come from somewhere else, usually a dummy. Example: Edgar Bergen with his character Charlie McCarthy.
Finger Puppet
A tiny puppet that fits on a single finger, usually involving minimal movement. Examples: Farm animal sets for children's storytelling.
Water Puppetry
Originating in Vietnam, these puppets are controlled from beneath a water surface, with the water concealing the mechanisms. Example: The Thang Long Water Puppet Theater in Hanoi.
Puppeteer
An artist who manipulates and brings life to a puppet. Famous examples include Jim Henson and Frank Oz.
Rod Puppet
A puppet manipulated by rods, usually from below, allowing for more control over the limbs. Example: The Muppets' Kermit the Frog when he's shown riding a bicycle.
Animatronics
The use of robotics to animate puppets, commonly used in film and theme parks. Examples: Dinosaurs in 'Jurassic Park', Disney's 'Pirates of the Caribbean' attractions.
Body Puppet
A type of puppet where the puppeteer's body is used as a part of the puppet, often seen in large-scale performances. Examples: The larger-than-life animals in 'The Lion King' on Broadway.
Object Puppetry
Turning everyday objects into puppets by animating them, a form of improvisational puppetry. Examples: Using spoons as characters, or a towel as a living creature.
Bunraku
A traditional Japanese puppet theater where each puppet is operated by multiple puppeteers who are often visible to the audience. Example: The classic 'Chikamatsu Monzaemon' plays.
Tabletop Puppetry
Puppets operated from below by rods on a table surface, allowing for intricate movements and often used for group storytelling. Example: The characters in 'The Lion King' musical during 'Circle of Life'.
Muppet
A brand of distinct, characteristically expressive hand-and-rod puppets created by Jim Henson. Example: Miss Piggy.
Hand Puppet
A puppet operated by the puppeteer's hand fitting inside the puppet, making it talk and move. Examples: The Muppets, Sock Puppets.
Glove Puppet
A puppet worn like a glove, with the puppeteer's fingers controlling the head and arms. Example: The traditional British character Punch from Punch and Judy shows.
Sicilian Marionettes
A form of marionette theater from Sicily, often involving epic storytelling from classics like 'The Song of Roland'. Example: The Opera dei Pupi shows.
Bread and Puppet Theater
A theater company known for large-scale performances and the political nature of its productions. They often use giant puppets. Example: Their annual 'Domestic Resurrection Circus'.
Black Light Puppetry
Puppets are performed under a black light, making only the puppets and other fluorescent materials visible. Example: Use in dance performances and psychedelic shows.
Marionette
A type of puppet controlled by strings from above. They can have a highly sophisticated range of movements. Example: The classic marionettes in 'The Sound of Music'.
Shadow Puppetry
Uses flat cut-out figures that are held between a source of light and a translucent screen. The puppeteer manipulates the figures to cast shadows. Example: Wayang kulit from Indonesia.
Digital Puppetry
Puppetry that combines traditional puppeteering techniques with digital technology, as seen in virtual environments or using motion capture. Example: The 3D animated character Waldo C. Graphic from 'The Jim Henson Hour'.
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