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Avant-garde Theater Movements
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Expressionism
Emphasized the representation of emotions rather than reality. Key figures include Georg Kaiser and Ernst Toller.
Absurdism
Focused on the idea that human existence has no purpose or meaning. Samuel Beckett and Eugene Ionesco are key figures.
Dadaism
Characterized by deliberate irrationality, anarchy, and cynicism. Prominent figures include Hugo Ball and Tristan Tzara.
Living Theatre
Founded by Julian Beck and Judith Malina, it aimed for an immersive experience and broke the fourth wall, often focusing on radical themes and improvisation.
Surrealism
Focused on releasing the creative potential of the unconscious mind, utilizing surprise and non sequiturs. Salvador Dalí and André Breton are key figures.
Futurism
Emphasized speed, technology, and youth, endorsing violence and conflict. Filippo Tommaso Marinetti is a prominent figure.
Episcene
Characterized by its blending of both masculine and feminine elements in performance. Key figures are less defined as the movement is less formalized.
Bauhaus
Integrated visual arts, industrial design, and performance. Oskar Schlemmer was a key figure, particularly for his 'Triadic Ballet'.
Constructivism
Advocated for art as a practice for social purposes. Key figures include Vsevolod Meyerhold and Alexander Rodchenko.
Theatre of Cruelty
Developed by Antonin Artaud, this aimed to shock the audience and release deep, repressed forces. It focused on non-verbal language, sexuality, and violence.
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