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Utilitarian Ethics
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Education Funding
Utilitarians would argue for allocating education funds in a way that maximizes the overall educational benefit and future happiness of society.
Autonomous Vehicles Decision Making
In dilemmas where autonomous vehicles must 'decide' who to harm in an accident, utilitarians would program them to minimize overall harm.
Punishing Non-Violent Crimes
From a utilitarian perspective, punishment for non-violent crimes should lead to greater societal happiness, through deterrence and rehabilitation, rather than retribution.
Allocating Healthcare Resources
Utilitarianism would allocate resources where they can do the most good for the greatest number, potentially favoring treatments with the highest success rates.
Taxation and Redistributive Policies
Utilitarian ethics would justify progressive taxation and redistributive policies if they increase total happiness by reducing poverty and inequality.
Research with Potentially Harmful Outcomes
Utilitarian ethics would weigh the potential benefits of research against its risks and proceed only if the research promises greater overall benefits.
Charitable Giving
Utilitarianism might prioritize donating to causes that can use funds most effectively to alleviate suffering or provide the most happiness to those in need.
Military Interventions
Utilitarian ethics would evaluate military interventions by whether they will lead to a net increase in happiness and a reduction in suffering for the majority.
Animal Rights
Utilitarians consider the suffering of animals and would support rights or conditions that reduce animal suffering and promote well-being on balance.
Corporate Whistleblowing
Utilitarianism would support whistleblowing if the exposure of unethical practices leads to a greater good for society.
Public Health vs. Personal Freedom
In cases like mandatory vaccinations, utilitarianism would support restrictions on personal freedom if they serve the greater good of public health.
Environmental Policies
Utilitarians would support environmental policies that lead to the greatest long-term benefit for the most people, even if they incur short-term sacrifices.
Voting for Policies
Utilitarians would vote for policies that they believe will result in the greatest good for the greatest number, potentially ignoring minority interests.
Endangered Species Protection
Utilitarianism would support protecting endangered species if doing so brings more overall benefit to the ecosystem and, by extension, to human well-being.
Trolley Problem
Utilitarian ethics would suggest pulling the lever to change the trolley's path to minimize loss of life, as it results in fewer deaths and maximizes overall happiness.
Price Gouging During Emergencies
Utilitarianism would oppose price gouging during emergencies, as it causes more harm to the well-being of the many for the profit of a few.
Mandatory Retirement Savings
Utilitarianism could support policies that require retirement savings to prevent future suffering caused by poverty in old age, maximizing overall happiness.
Euthanasia
Utilitarians may argue in favor of euthanasia if it reduces suffering and respects the choices of individuals, leading to a net increase in well-being.
Censorship of Harmful Speech
Utilitarians might endorse censorship if it prevents harm and maximizes societal welfare, but would also consider the importance of freedom of expression.
Legislation of Drug Use
From a utilitarian perspective, the legislation of drug use should lead to the greatest balance of well-being and health within society, considering both freedom and harm.
Universal Basic Income
Utilitarians may argue for a universal basic income if it reduces poverty and suffering at the societal level, leading to greater overall happiness.
Use of Surveillance for Security
A utilitarian approach might support surveillance if it enhances overall security and happiness by preventing harm, while also considering privacy rights.
Minimum Wage Laws
A utilitarian perspective would endorse minimum wage laws if they enhance the living standards and happiness of workers without causing significant negative economic effects.
Agricultural Subsidies
Utilitarians might support agricultural subsidies if they promote food security and benefit the well-being of society over producers' profits.
Conscription During Wartime
Utilitarianism may justify conscription if it protects the greater good by securing freedom and reducing overall suffering in the long term.
Development of Artificial Intelligence
Utilitarians would encourage the development of AI if it leads to improvements in living standards and overall well-being without causing significant harm.
Immigration Policies
Utilitarians would design immigration policies that favor the greatest happiness for the most people, considering both the well-being of immigrants and the host society.
Utilitarianism and Wealth Redistribution
Utilitarian ethics would support wealth redistribution if it reduces suffering and increases happiness by addressing needs of the less fortunate.
Handling Pandemic Outbreaks
Utilitarianism would support measures that contain outbreaks and prevent widespread suffering, even if they impose restrictions on some individuals.
Disaster Relief Efforts
Utilitarianism would dictate prioritizing disaster relief efforts in a way that maximizes the help to those most affected and promotes recovery for the majority.
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