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Utilitarian Ethics

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Education Funding

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Utilitarians would argue for allocating education funds in a way that maximizes the overall educational benefit and future happiness of society.

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Autonomous Vehicles Decision Making

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In dilemmas where autonomous vehicles must 'decide' who to harm in an accident, utilitarians would program them to minimize overall harm.

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Punishing Non-Violent Crimes

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From a utilitarian perspective, punishment for non-violent crimes should lead to greater societal happiness, through deterrence and rehabilitation, rather than retribution.

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Allocating Healthcare Resources

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Utilitarianism would allocate resources where they can do the most good for the greatest number, potentially favoring treatments with the highest success rates.

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Taxation and Redistributive Policies

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Utilitarian ethics would justify progressive taxation and redistributive policies if they increase total happiness by reducing poverty and inequality.

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Research with Potentially Harmful Outcomes

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Utilitarian ethics would weigh the potential benefits of research against its risks and proceed only if the research promises greater overall benefits.

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Charitable Giving

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Utilitarianism might prioritize donating to causes that can use funds most effectively to alleviate suffering or provide the most happiness to those in need.

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Military Interventions

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Utilitarian ethics would evaluate military interventions by whether they will lead to a net increase in happiness and a reduction in suffering for the majority.

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Animal Rights

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Utilitarians consider the suffering of animals and would support rights or conditions that reduce animal suffering and promote well-being on balance.

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Corporate Whistleblowing

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Utilitarianism would support whistleblowing if the exposure of unethical practices leads to a greater good for society.

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Public Health vs. Personal Freedom

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In cases like mandatory vaccinations, utilitarianism would support restrictions on personal freedom if they serve the greater good of public health.

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Environmental Policies

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Utilitarians would support environmental policies that lead to the greatest long-term benefit for the most people, even if they incur short-term sacrifices.

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Voting for Policies

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Utilitarians would vote for policies that they believe will result in the greatest good for the greatest number, potentially ignoring minority interests.

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Endangered Species Protection

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Utilitarianism would support protecting endangered species if doing so brings more overall benefit to the ecosystem and, by extension, to human well-being.

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Trolley Problem

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Utilitarian ethics would suggest pulling the lever to change the trolley's path to minimize loss of life, as it results in fewer deaths and maximizes overall happiness.

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Price Gouging During Emergencies

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Utilitarianism would oppose price gouging during emergencies, as it causes more harm to the well-being of the many for the profit of a few.

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Mandatory Retirement Savings

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Utilitarianism could support policies that require retirement savings to prevent future suffering caused by poverty in old age, maximizing overall happiness.

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Euthanasia

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Utilitarians may argue in favor of euthanasia if it reduces suffering and respects the choices of individuals, leading to a net increase in well-being.

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Censorship of Harmful Speech

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Utilitarians might endorse censorship if it prevents harm and maximizes societal welfare, but would also consider the importance of freedom of expression.

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Legislation of Drug Use

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From a utilitarian perspective, the legislation of drug use should lead to the greatest balance of well-being and health within society, considering both freedom and harm.

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Universal Basic Income

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Utilitarians may argue for a universal basic income if it reduces poverty and suffering at the societal level, leading to greater overall happiness.

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Use of Surveillance for Security

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A utilitarian approach might support surveillance if it enhances overall security and happiness by preventing harm, while also considering privacy rights.

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Minimum Wage Laws

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A utilitarian perspective would endorse minimum wage laws if they enhance the living standards and happiness of workers without causing significant negative economic effects.

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Agricultural Subsidies

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Utilitarians might support agricultural subsidies if they promote food security and benefit the well-being of society over producers' profits.

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Conscription During Wartime

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Utilitarianism may justify conscription if it protects the greater good by securing freedom and reducing overall suffering in the long term.

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Development of Artificial Intelligence

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Utilitarians would encourage the development of AI if it leads to improvements in living standards and overall well-being without causing significant harm.

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Immigration Policies

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Utilitarians would design immigration policies that favor the greatest happiness for the most people, considering both the well-being of immigrants and the host society.

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Utilitarianism and Wealth Redistribution

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Utilitarian ethics would support wealth redistribution if it reduces suffering and increases happiness by addressing needs of the less fortunate.

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Handling Pandemic Outbreaks

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Utilitarianism would support measures that contain outbreaks and prevent widespread suffering, even if they impose restrictions on some individuals.

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Disaster Relief Efforts

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Utilitarianism would dictate prioritizing disaster relief efforts in a way that maximizes the help to those most affected and promotes recovery for the majority.

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