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Cognitive Biases and Evolution

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Anchoring Bias

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This bias may have helped early humans to make quick decisions using minimal information.

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Availability Heuristic

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The focus on immediate examples that come to mind may have helped our ancestors avoid dangers and remember critical survival information.

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Confirmation Bias

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This bias could have assisted in maintaining stable, cohesive social groups, which were crucial for the survival of early humans.

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Overconfidence Bias

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An inflated belief in one's abilities could have led to higher status and more mating opportunities in early human societies.

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Survivorship Bias

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Focusing on survivors could have helped early humans emulate successful strategies rather than the myriad failed attempts.

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Loss Aversion

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The greater sensitivity to loss may have been an adaptation to ensure survival by prioritizing the avoidance of potential threats.

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Endowment Effect

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Valuing personal possessions more than new items could have helped maintain ownership and control over resources in early human societies.

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Hindsight Bias

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Believing events were predictable after they have occurred may have helped early humans create coherent narratives for learning and future planning.

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Neglect of Probability

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Failing to accurately judge risk may have been advantageous if it led to cautious behavior in dangerous environments.

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Fundamental Attribution Error

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Attributing others' behavior to character rather than context may have simplified the complex social world for our ancestors.

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Ingroup Bias

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Favoritism towards one's own group likely encouraged group cohesion, which was essential for the survival of interdependent individuals.

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Bandwagon Effect

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Conforming with the group may have improved chances of survival by aligning with the majority decision, which could have been based on collective wisdom.

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Gambler's Fallacy

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Misunderstanding randomness could be a byproduct of the search for patterns, which generally enhanced survival in a patterned natural world.

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Self-serving Bias

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Attributing success to internal factors and failures to external factors may have helped maintain a positive self-image and resilience.

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Just-world Hypothesis

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The belief in a just world where actions have fair consequences could have encouraged beneficial social behavior and deterred harm to others in tightly knit communities.

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Zero-sum Bias

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Perceiving situations as zero-sum may have been an effective strategy in resource-scarce environments where one person's gain often was another's loss.

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Curse of Knowledge

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Once understanding or learning is achieved, it's challenging to imagine not knowing it, possibly because shared knowledge reinforced group cohesiveness.

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Optimism Bias

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Expecting positive outcomes could have encouraged risk-taking in pursuit of rewards, necessary for the advancement of early human society.

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Authority Bias

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Deferring to authority figures could have helped maintain social hierarchies and order in early human societies.

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Bystander Effect

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Reluctance to help when others are present may stem from shared responsibility and the assumption that someone else will act, thus conserving one's own resources.

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Hyperbolic Discounting

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Prioritizing immediate rewards over future ones could have benefited survival when the future was uncertain and immediate gain ensured survival.

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Mere Exposure Effect

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The preference for familiar stimuli could have led to a reduced fear response to known elements in the environment, preserving energy for true threats.

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Not Invented Here Bias

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This bias might reflect an evolutionary drive to protect one's own group and its creations, potentially leading to greater group self-reliance.

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Action Bias

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A preference for action over inaction could have been selected for, as taking action often led to more favorable outcomes in a dynamic, changing environment.

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False Consensus Effect

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Assuming that others share our beliefs could foster a sense of community and support within social groups.

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