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The Role of Genetics in Evolutionary Psychology
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Founder Effects
The reduced genetic diversity that results when a population is descended from a small number of colonizing ancestors, affecting the prevalence of certain psychological traits and behaviors.
Inclusive Fitness
A concept explaining an organism's genetic success is believed to be derived from cooperation and altruistic behavior, which can be accounted for in the context of kin selection.
Extended Phenotype
The concept that the effect of a gene is not limited to the body of the organism but can extend into the environment, influencing structures, behaviors, and the psychological phenotype indirectly.
Sensory Bias
The predisposition organisms have toward certain sensory experiences, which may drive the evolution of particular psychological traits as a byproduct.
Parental Imprinting
A genetic phenomenon by which certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner, affecting psychological development and behavior.
Mate Competition
Rivalry among individuals to attract and secure a mate, often influencing displays of strength or skill, variations of which can be explained by genetic differences.
Parental Investment Theory
A theory suggesting that the sex making the higher investment in offspring will be more selective when mating, while the lower-investing sex competes for access to the higher-investing sex, shaping mating psychology.
Behavior Genetics
The study of genetic and environmental influences on behaviors, explaining individual differences in behavioral tendencies from an evolutionary perspective.
Gene-Culture Coevolution
Also known as 'dual inheritance,' it describes how genetic and cultural factors influence evolution, affecting behaviors that are subject to both genetic predispositions and cultural influences.
Kin Selection
An evolutionary strategy that favors the reproductive success of an organism's relatives, even at a cost to its own survival and reproduction, influencing altruistic behavior.
Reciprocal Altruism
An evolutionary theory explaining how cooperative behavior can evolve among non-kin because individuals can expect the favor of cooperation to be returned in the future.
Genetic Predispositions
Inclinations or tendencies that are influenced by genes, which shape behavior patterns and psychological traits by increasing the probability of certain responses to the environment.
Balancing Selection
A form of natural selection where multiple alleles are actively maintained in the gene pool of a population at frequencies longer than expected from genetic drift alone, contributing to variation in behavioral traits.
Gene's Eye View
A perspective that emphasizes the gene as the unit of selection, proposing that behaviors can be explained by their effect on maximizing genetic replication.
Modularity of Mind
The concept that the mind may be composed of innate, genetically influenced, domain-specific information-processing mechanisms, which evolved to solve specific evolutionary problems.
Sexual Selection
A type of natural selection related to an individual's ability to attract or acquire a mate, affecting psychological traits related to courtship and mating.
Life History Theory
A theory that explains how natural selection influences patterns in reproduction, survival, and life span, affecting psychological traits related to parental investment and mating strategies.
Phylogenetic Inertia
The concept that some evolved characteristics may persist across generations even when they are no longer beneficial because of the slow pace of genetic change.
Genetic Drift
A mechanism of evolutionary change due to random sample effects that can cause gene frequencies to fluctuate over time, influencing psychological diversity within a population.
Cognitive Bias
Systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, which may have evolved as adaptations to certain environmental conditions.
Evolutionary Stable Strategy (ESS)
A strategy in game theory that, if adopted by a population, cannot be invaded by any alternative strategy, helping to explain the maintenance of behavioral traits over generations.
Mutation
The occurrence of a change in the genetic sequence, which can introduce new variations into a population; some mutations can influence psychological traits and behaviors.
Natural Selection
The process by which heritable traits that confer a survival or reproductive advantage tend to be passed on more frequently, influencing psychological adaptations.
Adaptation
A genetic trait that has evolved to solve a reproductive or survival problem in the ancestral environment, contributing to an organism's fitness and affecting psychological mechanisms.
Environment of Evolutionary Adaptedness (EEA)
The composite of environmental conditions under which a trait evolved, shaping the genetic basis for adaptive behavior and psychological mechanisms.
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