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The cosmological constant is a term in Einstein's field equations of general relativity that represents a constant energy density filling space homogeneously.

A supernova is a powerful and luminous stellar explosion that occurs during the last evolutionary stages of a massive star or when a white dwarf is triggered into runaway nuclear fusion.

Dark energy is a hypothetical form of energy that permeates all of space and accelerates the expansion of the universe.

Hubble's Law states that the speed at which a galaxy recedes from us is proportional to its distance from us, implying the universe is expanding.

A neutron star is the compact, incredibly dense remnant left behind after a massive star undergoes a supernova explosion, composed mostly of neutrons.

Cosmic inflation is a theory that proposes a period of extremely rapid (exponential) expansion of the universe during its first few moments of existence.

Dark matter is a form of matter thought to account for approximately 85% of the matter in the universe. It does not emit light or energy.

The CMB is the thermal radiation left over from the time of recombination in Big Bang cosmology, providing evidence for the Big Bang theory.

The Big Bang Theory is a cosmological model that describes the early development of the Universe, which began from a hot and dense singularity.

A white dwarf is a small, dense star that is the leftover core of a low-mass star which has exhausted its nuclear fuel and shed its outer layers.

A supermassive black hole is the largest type of black hole, with masses ranging from millions to billions of solar masses, usually found at the center of galaxies.

The event horizon is the boundary surrounding a black hole beyond which no radiation or matter can escape.

Redshift refers to the increase in the wavelength of light from an object moving away from the observer, indicative of the expansion of the universe.

In cosmology, a singularity is a point of infinite density thought to have contained all the mass of the universe before the Big Bang.