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Biomes of the World

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Chaparral

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Characteristics: Dense shrubbery, wildfire-prone, Mediterranean climate. Climate: Mild wet winters and hot dry summers. Common Plants: Manzanita, Scrub oak, Sagebrush. Common Animals: Coyote, Mule deer, Quail.

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Polar Ice

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Characteristics: Ice-covered seas and land masses, scarce vegetation. Climate: Extremely cold temperatures, low precipitation (often as snow). Common Plants: None or very limited (like algae). Common Animals: Polar bears, Seals, Penguins.

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Boreal Forest (Taiga)

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Characteristics: Coniferous forests, long winters, and short summers. Climate: Cold, with moderate precipitation. Common Plants: Spruce, Pine, Fir trees. Common Animals: Moose, Grey wolves, Bears.

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Temperate Grassland

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Characteristics: Dominated by grasses, few trees, fertile soil. Climate: Hot summers, cold winters, moderate precipitation. Common Plants: Grasses, Wildflowers, Few trees. Common Animals: Bison, Prairie dogs, Hawks.

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Temperate Forest

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Characteristics: Four distinct seasons, significant tree cover. Climate: Moderate temperature and precipitation. Common Plants: Deciduous trees, Ferns, Mosses. Common Animals: Deer, Foxes, Squirrels.

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Savanna

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Characteristics: Grasslands with scattered trees, fire-resistant vegetation. Climate: Wet and dry seasons, warm temperatures. Common Plants: Acacia trees, Baobabs, Grasses. Common Animals: Lions, Elephants, Zebras.

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Mediterranean

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Characteristics: Hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters. Climate: Mediterranean climate with moderate temperatures. Common Plants: Olive trees, Lavender, Cork oak. Common Animals: Lynx, Wild goat, Various birds of prey.

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Tundra

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Characteristics: Treeless, frozen ground (permafrost), short growing seasons. Climate: Very cold, little precipitation. Common Plants: Lichens, Mosses, Dwarf shrubs. Common Animals: Arctic fox, Polar bears, Caribou.

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Montane Forest

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Characteristics: Mountainous terrain, cooler temperatures at higher altitudes. Climate: Varies with altitude but generally cooler and more precipitation. Common Plants: Coniferous trees, Alpine meadows. Common Animals: Mountain goats, Pika, Eagles.

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Tropical Rainforest

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Characteristics: High biodiversity, dense canopy layers, perennially wet. Climate: Hot and humid with significant rainfall year-round. Common Plants: Orchids, Bromeliads, Ferns. Common Animals: Jaguars, Sloths, Toucans.

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Desert

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Characteristics: Very low precipitation, extreme temperatures. Climate: Can be hot or cold, barren landscapes. Common Plants: Cacti, Sagebrush, Creosote bush. Common Animals: Camel, Fennec fox, Scorpions.

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Coral Reef

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Characteristics: Biodiverse marine ecosystems, warm shallow waters. Climate: Tropical, warm water, requiring sunlight. Common Plants: Marine algae, Sea grasses. Common Animals: Clownfish, Sea turtles, Corals.

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Freshwater

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Characteristics: Low salt content, includes rivers, lakes, streams, and ponds. Climate: Varies according to region, can be found in most climatic zones. Common Plants: Algae, Cattails, Waterlilies. Common Animals: Trout, Frogs, Ducks.

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Subtropical Desert

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Characteristics: Scarce rainfall, extreme temperature variations between day and night. Climate: Very hot with minimal rainfall. Common Plants: Saguaro cactus, Aloe, Agave. Common Animals: Horned lizard, Roadrunner, Camel.

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Wetland

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Characteristics: Saturated soils, shallow standing water, plants adapted to hydrologic regime. Climate: Varies widely depending on location (can be temperate or tropical). Common Plants: Mangroves, Water lilies, Cattails. Common Animals: Crocodiles, Beavers, Waterfowl.

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