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The largest known marsupial, Diprotodon, from Australia's Pleistocene epoch, serves as a key subject for understanding megafauna extinctions and Australia's paleoecology.

The giant beaver known from the Pleistocene of North America, Castoroides, offers data on the life and environment of Pleistocene megafauna and the effects of glacial cycles on mammalian populations.

Often known as the saber-toothed cat, Smilodon lived in the Americas and is famous for its large maxillary canines. Its fossils contribute to understanding predation patterns and social behavior in the Pleistocene epoch.

The Tasmanian devil, a carnivorous marsupial, is significant for its role as a top predator in its ecosystem and for the investigation into its rapid decline due to a transmissible facial tumor disease.

Mammuthus refers to the genus which includes the famous woolly mammoths. These large herbivores are significant for the study of Pleistocene megafauna and climate adaptations.

A long-necked, long-limbed ungulate from the Miocene to the end of the Pleistocene. Macrauchenia's unique body structure contributes to the study of post-dinosaur South American mammalian evolution.

A large Eocene herbivore with distinct skull protuberances. Uintatherium is significant for studying the evolution of large mammals after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event.

Arsinoitherium was a prehistoric mammal from the early Oligocene of Africa, notable for its two large horns. It aids in the understanding of early mammalian biodiversity and environmental adaptation.

An early primate-like mammal from the Paleocene epoch. Its characteristics provide evidence for the early stages of primate evolution.

Nicknamed the 'walking whale', Ambulocetus was an early cetacean that provides invaluable information about the evolution of whales from land to sea.

Commonly known as the Tasmanian tiger or wolf, the Thylacine was a marsupial predator significant for its convergence with placental canids and its recent extinction, which speaks to human impacts on biodiversity.

Known as the Irish Elk or Giant Deer, Megaloceros had the largest antlers of any known deer species. It provides insight into sexual selection and the challenges of supporting large skeletal structures.

Neanderthals were a close relative of modern humans, known for their distinct brow ridges and robust builds. Their fossils offer insights into human evolution and the spread of hominins in Europe and Asia.

Basilosaurus was an early whale that lived during the Eocene, notable for its elongated body. Its fossils show the transition from land-dwelling to aquatic life in cetacean evolution.

One of the largest terrestrial mammals to have ever lived, Paraceratherium is a hornless rhinoceros that helps in understanding the evolution of perissodactyls and gigantism.

Known as ‘Hell Pig’ or ‘Terminator Pig’, Entelodonts were large omnivorous mammals that help in understanding the structure of Eocene and Oligocene ecosystems.

The largest known apes that ever lived, Gigantopithecus species provide important data on primate evolution, dietary patterns, and the effects of climate change on megafauna.

Bison species, such as the American and European bison, are pivotal for understanding the role of megaherbivores in grassland ecosystems and the impact of human activities on large vertebrate populations.

An Eocene mammal known for its semi-aquatic lifestyle and small brain size relative to body size. Coryphodon's fossils help to illustrate the diversity of early mammalian life.