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Prehistoric Plant Life
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Archaeopteris
Time Period: Late Devonian; Characteristics: Combination of tree fern and modern tree, large fronds, early form of wood.
Calamites
Time Period: Carboniferous; Characteristics: Resembled giant horsetails, jointed stems, grew in vast 'coal forests'.
Rhynia
Time Period: Early Devonian; Characteristics: Small, leafless with dichotomous branching, one of the earliest known vascular plants.
Neuropteris
Time Period: Carboniferous; Characteristics: Seed fern, large leaves with a net-veined structure, important component of Carboniferous forests.
Pteridinium
Time Period: Ediacaran; Characteristics: Early multicellular organism, potentially a sea pen-like animal or an early plant.
Psilotum
Time Period: Devonian to Present; Characteristics: Resembles early vascular plants, lack of roots and leaves, dichotomous branching.
Bennettitales
Time Period: Triassic to Cretaceous; Characteristics: Gymnosperm order, flower-like reproductive structures, similar to cycads.
Zamites
Time Period: Jurassic; Characteristics: Belonged to the cycadophytes, leaflets arranged in a feather-like pattern, commonly found in Jurassic deposits.
Sigillaria
Time Period: Carboniferous to Permian; Characteristics: Tall, tree-like plant with a fluted trunk and vertical rows of leaves, coal-forming swamps.
Glossopteris
Time Period: Permian; Characteristics: Large leaves, evidence for the theory of continental drift, seed fern.
Nothofagus
Time Period: Early Cretaceous to Present; Characteristics: Southern beeches, deciduous or evergreen, present in Southern Hemisphere.
Lepidodendron
Time Period: Carboniferous; Characteristics: Tree-like plant, diamond-shaped leaf scars, grew in swampy forests.
Cooksonia
Time Period: Silurian to Devonian; Characteristics: Earliest known vascular plant, lacked true leaves and roots.
Cycadeoidea
Time Period: Jurassic to Cretaceous; Characteristics: Resembles modern cycads, stout trunks and crown of large, hard leaves.
Araucarioxylon
Time Period: Triassic; Characteristics: Belongs to the conifer family, petrified wood formations, large tree with thick bark.
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