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Early Human Ancestors

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Homo neanderthalensis

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Time Period: 400,000 to 40,000 years ago Key Traits: Robust build, large brain, sophisticated tool use

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Homo rhodesiensis

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Time Period: 300,000 to 125,000 years ago Key Traits: Robust skull features, large brain size

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Paranthropus boisei

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Time Period: 2.3 to 1.2 million years ago Key Traits: Robust skull, large molars, vegetarian diet

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Homo floresiensis

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Time Period: 95,000 to 17,000 years ago Key Traits: Very small size, small brain, sophisticated stone tools

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Australopithecus afarensis

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Time Period: 3.9 to 2.9 million years ago Key Traits: Bipedal, small-brained, evidence of tool use

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Ardipithecus ramidus

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Time Period: 4.4 million years ago Key Traits: Bipedalism, foraging diet, grasping big toe

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Australopithecus africanus

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Time Period: 3.3 to 2.1 million years ago Key Traits: Rounded skull, less protruding face, bipedalism

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Homo antecessor

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Time Period: 1.2 million to 800,000 years ago Key Traits: Early evidence of human-like features, possible speech capacity

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Australopithecus sediba

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Time Period: 1.977 million years ago Key Traits: Small brain, long arms, possible transitional species

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Homo habilis

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Time Period: 2.4 to 1.4 million years ago Key Traits: Larger brain, use of stone tools, smaller teeth than earlier hominids

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Australopithecus anamensis

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Time Period: 4.2 to 3.9 million years ago Key Traits: Large canines, bipedal, U-shaped dental arcade

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Homo heidelbergensis

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Time Period: 600,000 to 200,000 years ago Key Traits: Large brow ridges, potential use of language, hunting capabilities

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Australopithecus garhi

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Time Period: 2.5 million years ago Key Traits: Long limbs, larger teeth than Homo, possible tool use

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Homo erectus

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Time Period: 1.9 million to 140,000 years ago Key Traits: Upright posture, large brain, used fire

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Homo sapiens

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Time Period: 300,000 years ago to present Key Traits: Highly developed brains, language, complex tool use

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