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First vertebrates known to evolve powered flight. Importance: Represent the airborne niches once dinosaurs roamed the earth.

Unusual arthropod with a proboscis and five eyes. Importance: Demonstrates the diversity of life and unusual body plans during the Cambrian explosion.

Closest extinct human relative. Importance: Provides deep insights into human evolution, and the nature of Neanderthal-human interactions.

Subspecies of Homo erectus, early evidence of the use of fire. Importance: Vital for understanding early human migration and technology use.

First known bird, transition between non-avian dinosaurs and birds. Importance: Demonstrates the evolution of birds from theropod dinosaurs.

One of the most complete and largest T. rex specimens ever found. Importance: Offers valuable information on the structure and potential behavior of T. rex.

Fishapod that shows the transition from fish to tetrapods. Importance: Illustrates the move of vertebrates from water to land.

Extinct marine arthropods, ubiquitous throughout the Paleozoic era. Importance: Key index fossils used to date geological layers.

A small, feathered theropod dinosaur. Importance: Provided strong evidence that birds are closely related to dinosaurs.

One of the largest land predators to have ever lived. Importance: Provided insights into the physiology and behavior of large theropod dinosaurs.

Early hominin, significant for upright walking ability. Importance: Provides insight into human evolution and bipedal locomotion.

Layered bio-chemical accretion structures formed by the trapping of sedimentary grains by microbial mats. Importance: Some of the oldest evidence of life on Earth, dating back to the Archean Eon.

An early cetacean that could walk as well as swim. Importance: Illustrates the evolutionary transition from land to sea in whale ancestors.

A peculiar spiny organism from the Cambrian era. Importance: Highlights the experimental nature of evolution during the Cambrian explosion.

An extinct species of giant shark. Importance: Helps understand the diversity of marine life and the reasons behind the extinction of large species.

Ancient predatory arthropod, one of the largest animals in the Cambrian oceans. Importance: Sheds light on early arthropod evolution and Cambrian predator-prey dynamics.

Regarded as one of the first whale ancestors, a terrestrial cetacean. Importance: Key in studying the evolution of whales from land to sea.

A long-necked, long-tailed sauropod dinosaur from the Jurassic period. Importance: Helps researchers understand sauropod biomechanics and growth patterns.

An ancient order of fish thought to be extinct until rediscovered in 1938. Importance: Known as a 'living fossil' and provides information on the lobed-fin predecessors of tetrapods.