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The initial stage where an organism dies and its remains are subject to fossilization.

The process where organic materials start to break down by natural forces and scavengers.

Occurs when particles settle from suspension to form a solid layer, thus protecting and covering the remains.

Minerals carried by water are deposited around or replace the hard parts of an organism.

A process synonymous with permineralization, though it sometimes refers to the total replacement of organic material by minerals.

The organic matter is reduced to a carbon film, preserving delicate details of the organism.

A cavity in the rock that retains the original shape and surface markings of the organism.

Forms when a mold is filled with sediment or mineral deposits and hardens, recreating the shape of the organism.

Minerals in the bones or shells can change form, becoming more stable over time under pressure and heat.