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A concept that proposes positive reinforcement and indirect suggestions as ways to influence behavior and decision-making.

People value gains and losses differently, leading to inconsistent decision-making, particularly when faced with the prospect of a loss.

The tendency to categorize and treat money differently depending on where it comes from or what it's intended for.

Simple, efficient rules of thumb that people use to form judgments and make decisions.

The tendency to prefer smaller, immediate rewards over larger, later rewards, with the impatience increasing as the delay approaches the present time.

Individuals ascribe more value to things merely because they own them.

The human tendency to rely too much on the first piece of information offered (the 'anchor') when making decisions.

People react to a particular choice in different ways depending on how it is presented or 'framed'.

The tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.

When given a choice, individuals are more likely to comply with a pre-set option, or the 'default'.

An individual's tendency to prefer avoiding losses to acquiring equivalent gains.

A well-established bias in which someone's subjective confidence in their judgments is reliably greater than their objective accuracy.

The preference to keep things the same by doing nothing or by sticking with a decision made previously.

Individuals mimic the actions of a larger group, either directionally or in the manner of decision-making.

The tendency to favor activities that provide immediate gratification and neglect actions that contribute to long-term benefits.

The presence of too many choices can lead to decision-making paralysis and dissatisfaction with the selected option.

A situation in which people's preferences change over time - what is preferred at one time is not preferred at another.

The phenomenon whereby individuals continue a behavior or endeavor as a result of previously invested resources.

A social norm of responding to a positive action with another positive action, rewarding kind actions.

When planning for the future, individuals tend to prefer variety and diversification. However, at the moment of choice, variety often diminishes.

The idea that when individuals make decisions, their rationality is limited by the available information, the cognitive limitations of their minds, and the finite amount of time they have to make a decision.

A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to mind when evaluating a topic, concept, method, or decision.

A cognitive bias in which an individual categorizes a situation based on a pattern of previous experiences or beliefs about the scenario.

Increasing the number of choices can paradoxically lead to anxiety and choice paralysis in decision-making.

The principle or practice of concern for the welfare of others, which can result in a behavior that does not directly benefit oneself.

The concept that self-control or willpower draws upon a limited pool of mental resources that can be used up.

The mistaken belief that if an event happened more frequently than expected in the past, it is less likely to happen in the future, or vice versa, when the events are independent.

The tendency for people to overestimate their ability to control events, particularly random or chance-based events.