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A situation where the inflation rate is high, the economic growth rate slows, and unemployment remains steadily high.

The rate of interest an investor, saver or lender receives (or expects to receive) after allowing for inflation.

A decrease in the general price level of goods and services, often causing an increase in the value of money.

The stated interest rate on a loan or investment, without adjustment for inflation or other factors.

A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

An extremely high and typically accelerating inflation rate, often exceeding 50% per month.

A macroeconomic theory that suggests that rising wages increase disposable income, boosting demand and prices, leading to further wage demands.

A situation in which lower prices lead to lower production, which in turn leads to lower wages and demand, which leads to further decreases in prices.

Occurs when demand for goods and services exceeds their supply.

A monetary policy regime in which a central bank has an explicit target inflation rate for the medium term and announces this inflation target to the public.

A measure that examines the weighted average of prices of a basket of consumer goods and services, often used as an indicator of inflation.

A monetary policy whereby a central bank buys predefined amounts of government bonds or other financial assets to inject liquidity directly into the economy.

A measure of the long-term trend in the price level that excludes items with volatile prices, such as food and energy.

The economic theory proposed by Irving Fisher that describes the relationship between inflation and both real and nominal interest rates.

Actions by a central bank or other regulatory authority to control the money supply and interest rates to stabilize economic growth.

When prices rise due to increases in the cost of production and raw materials.

A decrease in the rate of inflation – a slowdown in the rate at which prices increase.

A fixed set of consumer products and services valued on an annual basis to measure inflation in an economy or specific market.

An economic concept that shows an inverse relationship between unemployment and inflation within an economy.